大企业内部创业“裂生式”与“创生式”战略路径——基于海尔和思科的双案例研究

The“Split”and“Creation”Strategy Path of the Large Enterprises’Intrapreneurship——Based on the Case Study of Haier and Cisco

大企业内部创业对实现企业持续创新具有重要意义。在现有关于大企业内部创业模式和类型的研究基础上,本文运用案例研究的方法,基于资源编排和动态迭代的视角,聚焦于两家大企业内部创业的“机会—资源—行动”过程,从理论层面提出了内部创业的“内外双驱”模型,刻画了大企业内部创业中的两种构建路径及促进持续创新的过程机理。研究发现:除了“裂生式”内部创业模式,“创生式”内部创业模式同样是较为成功的平台战略,两种创业机会的构建和创业资源的编排过程存在较大差异;“裂生式”创业模式借助平台的“杠杆”效应实现由渐进性创新转化为突破性创新;“创生式”创业模式借助并购平台“滑轮”效应的“一散一收”过程,实现由突破性创新转化为渐进性创新;两种创业模式都能够实现企业在渐进性创新和突破性创新二者之间的过渡与转化,实现企业持续创新的目标。本文突破了内部创业只能局限在大企业内部孵化的隐含假设,在“内部裂生”的基础上扩充了“外部创生,内部回购”的新型内部创业方式,由此形成的“回旋式模块”存在“滑轮效应”,能够对现有创业领域研究形成重要的理论补充,并得到了能够指导企业实践的管理启示。

Entrepreneurship within large enterprises is of great significance to the realization of continuous enterprise innovation.Based on the existing studies on the intrapreneurship models and types of large enterprises,this article uses the method of case study,based on the perspective of resource arrangement and dynamic iteration,focusing on the“opportunity-resource-action”process of two large enterprises’intrapreneurship.From the theoretical level,the“internal and external dual drive”model of intrapreneurship is proposed,which describes the two construction paths of large enterprises’intrapreneurship and the process mechanism of promoting continuous innovation.The research found that in addition to the“split-type”intrapreneurship model,the“creative-type”intrapreneurship model is also a relatively successful platform strategy,and there are big differences between the construction of two entrepreneurial opportunities and the orchestration of entrepreneurial resources.The“split-type”intrapreneurship model uses the“leverage”effect of the platform to transform from incremental innovation to breakthrough innovation;the“creative-type”intrapreneurship model uses the“pulley”effect of the M&A platform to achieve a breakthrough innovation transforms into incremental innovation.Both entrepreneurial models can realize the transition and transformation of enterprises between incremental innovation and breakthrough innovation,and realize the goals of continuous enterprise innovation.This research breaks through the implicit assumption that intrapreneurship can only be limited to the incubation of large companies,and expands the new intrapreneurship method of“external creation,internal repurchase”on the basis of“internal splitting”,and the resulting“circular type-module”has a“pulley effect”,which can form an important theoretical supplement to existing research in the field of entrepreneurship,and get management enlightenment that can guide enterprise practice.