“居者难有其屋”:香港公屋政策发展演变与启示

Unaffordable Home Ownership:The Evolution and Enlightenment of Hong Kong’s Public Housing Policy

近些年来,我国大城市普遍面临房价过高和住房短缺的双重挑战,尤其是城市中低收入群体长期难以获得可支付性住房,成为城镇化高质量发展的重要障碍。香港从1950年代开始,为了实现"居者有其屋"的目标,探索并逐渐形成了一套"租赁为主、出售为辅"的公屋政策体系,取得显著成效的同时也累积了不少矛盾。本文首先梳理了香港公屋政策的内容及其历史演变过程,然后分别评价了公屋政策"被迫干预""积极干预""消极干预""适度干预"这四个阶段的实施成效,从中总结出香港公屋政策的成功与不足之处,以期为内地大城市公共住房政策的制定提供启示与借鉴。

In recent years,large cities in China are generally facing the double challenges of overpriced housing and housing shortage.Middle and low-income people in cities are suffering from long-term difficulty in obtaining affordable housing,which has become an important obstacle to realize the goal of highquality urbanization.To achieve the goal of"Home Ownership Scheme",Hong Kong has explored a set of public housing policies since the 1950s,which stipulate that public houses are mainly for rent and rarely for sale.The implementation of the public housing policies have achieved remarkable results but also accumulated a lot of contradictions.This paper first reviews the content and historical evolution of Hong Kong’s public housing policies.Then it evaluates the implementation effects of the public housing policy in four stages:forced intervention,active intervention,negative intervention,and moderate intervention.Finally,the success and shortcomings of Hong Kong’s public housing policies are summarized,which can provide inspiration and reference for the public housing policy-making of large cities in China's Mainland.