基本权利第三人效力的范畴与本质

The Category and the Essence of Third-Party Effect of Fundamental Rights

基本权利第三人效力,也被称为水平效力、私人效力、基本权利在私法或私人法律关系中的效力等。第三人效力是指,基本权利能否以及在何种程度上可以对诉讼当事人之间的民事实体法律关系产生影响。实践中,公私二元划分是第三人效力探讨的基础;基本权利客观法属性是第三人效力的规范范畴;基本权利人类图像与自由权的多重面向是第三人效力的价值范畴;基本权利保护义务是第三人效力的义务范畴;基本权利取向解释是第三人效力的方法范畴。第三人效力具有体系正义、规范正义和个案正义的诉求,本质上是涵盖不同范畴的结构性效力。提出第三人效力的目的在于国家通过干预社会和消解社会不公正,为私人主体创造秩序和自由。

The third-party effect of fundamental rights is also known as the horizontal effect,the private effect,and the effect of fundamental rights in private law or private legal relations.The third-party effect addresses the question of how fundamental rights should be realized in the private sphere.The dual relationship of“public-private”is the premise of the discussion of the third-party effect of fundamental rights.The objective law content of fundamental rights is the normative foundation for the third-party effect.The human image and the multiple orientations of freedom are the theoretical basis of the third-party effect.The duty of protection is a part of the system of state obligations.The fundamental rights-oriented interpretation can link the private law order with the constitutional order.The third-party effect is essentially a structural effect,covering different categories.The purpose of the third-party effect is to create order and freedom for private entities by intervening in society and counteracting social injustice.