保护规范理论反思与本土化修正

The Reflection and Localization Correction of the Protection Norm Theory

保护规范理论的引入不仅关乎原告资格的确定,因为与实体法上的公权利相勾连,其如何适用直接关涉个人权利在公法中的析出路径与范围。就保护规范理论本身而言,其将权益基础限定为公法,使得主观公权利难以识别;其意在行政法内部建立独立的权利义务体系,无法有效应对公私法交织融合的现实;反射利益理论对解决滥诉有益,但也为将权利解释为利益提供了理由。出于我国行政诉讼制度产生于经济政治改革之下的权力监督背景、基本权利条款司法辐射功能缺失等原因,保护规范理论在我国的适用中产生公权利析出范围过窄等现象。批判本土标准不确定性的论者,实际上是没有对本土实践展开充分的理论塑造。我们应该在借鉴保护规范理论权益实定化路径的同时,结合本土已有的要件化判断实践,将原告资格的实定法基础拓展至私法,并增加因果关系要件作为判断辅助。

The introduction of the theory of protection norms affects the determination of plaintiff s qualification.Connected with the subjective public rights in the substantive law,its application also directly relates to the identification way and scope of subjective public rights in the public law.As far as the theory of protection norms is concerned,it limits the basis of rights and interests to public law,which makes it difficult to identify the subjective public rights;it aims to establish an independent system of rights and obligations within the administrative law,but it cannot cope with the reality of the interwoven integration of public and private laws;the theory of reflecting interests is beneficial to solve the abuse of litigation,and also provides a reason for interpreting rights as interests.If the theory of protection norms is applied to our country,the background of subjective and objective litigation in our administrative litigation system,the lack of the radiation function of the basic rights of the Constitution,etc.will lead to improper restriction of rights and other chaos in the application.In fact,the critics who criticize the uncertainty of local standards do not fully theoretically shape the local practice.Based on this,we should learn from the path of the realization of the rights and interests of the theory of protection norms,and combine with the existing elements of local judgment practice,expand the basis of the rights and interests of the plaintiff s qualification to private law,and add causality as the judgment elements.