监督行政对权利的影响——以《行政诉讼法》第1条为基础的解释学展开

The Influence of Supervision Administration on Rights—An Interpretation Based on Article 1 of the Administrative Litigation Law

从实质性解决行政争议的角度来考察,不难发现脱离诉讼请求的合法性审查,理论上无法构建体系化的诉讼模式,实务上也充斥着程序空转的“陪跑”悖论。昔时掺杂浓厚司法与行政两权对抗的司法审查技术,可以尝试以请求权基础来构建一套较为统一与温和的行政诉讼法体系,即对以《行政诉讼法》第1条为起始的诉讼目的进行全新的解释学阐微。相对弱化而非否定合法性审查作为诉讼要件的地位,将诉讼请求作为一独立的诉讼标的予以分析,可消解监督行政异化为权力衡平之术的质变,亦定分止争而尘埃落定。与第1条休戚相关的第2条与第12条也应做出相应解读,前述两条中的“认为”句式表征了此处应一致解释为原告的诉讼理由,或者是第49条所指明的拥有具体诉讼请求的表现。而第6条可限缩解释为与诉讼请求有关的行政行为的合法性问题。诉讼请求框定了案件审理范围,是诉讼类型化的依据,对行政行为的审查根源于此、受制于此,而不是来自监督行政的需要。以请求权基础为核心的纠纷解决模式可容纳司法审查的裁判模式来直面争议,促进实现案结事了的诉讼新格局。

From the perspective of substantively resolving administrative disputes,it is not difficult to find that the legality review of the request for dismissal is theoretically impossible to construct a systematic litigation mode.In practice,it is also full of the paradox of“nonstriker”.In the past,judicial review techniques with strong judicial and administrative powers can try to construct a more uniform and moderate procedural law based on the right of claim,that is,a new interpretation of the purpose of litigation based on the first article.After relatively weakening rather than denying the status of legality review as a litigation requirement,the litigation request can be analyzed as an independent litigation subject,which can eliminate the qualitative change of supervising administrative alienation into a power balance,and also settle disputes.The second and twelfth articles related to the first article should also be interpreted accordingly.The“reckon”sentence patterns in the first two terms represent the reasons for the plaintiff s lawsuit or the performance of a specific claim specified in Article 49.The sixth limit is interpreted as the legality of the administrative action related to the claim.The litigation request framed the scope of the trial,which is the basis for the type of litigation.The examination of the administrative behavior is rooted in this and subject to this,but not from the need to supervise the administration.The dispute resolution model with the core of the claim right can accommodate the judicial review mode to face the dispute and promote the new litigation pattern of the case.