上海市老西门街道社区60岁以上老年人跌倒的现状及危险因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of falls in elderly over 60 years old in Laoximen Street community in Shanghai

目的了解60岁以上老年人跌倒发生现状,并分析引起老年人跌倒的各项危险因素。方法选取满足条件的老西门街道社区≥60岁的老年人,通过采取调查问卷的形式,记录老年人的一般资料,日常起居,用药及疾病史,了解1年内的跌倒情况,跌倒后骨折情况,并对受试者进行体育活动等级量表(PARS-3)、日常生活活动能力ADL量表、修订版跌到效能量表(MFES)调查,采用χ^2检验、两独立样本Wilcoxon秩和检验,logistic回归分析对数据进行统计。结果老西门街道社区60岁以上老年人一年内跌倒率为40.4%,其中女性,患有冠心病、睡眠障碍、骨质疏松、白内障、骨关节炎,用药种类≥3种,年龄≥80岁,未安装卫生间扶手,楼道照明不足和使用镇静安眠类药物者发生跌倒的概率较高。结论女性、增龄、睡眠障碍、骨质疏松、使用镇静安眠类药物是老年人跌倒的独立危险因素。

Objective To understand the current situation of falls in elderly people over 60 years old in Laoximen Street community,and analyze the risk factors of falls in elderly people.Methods The elderly aged≥60 years in Laoximen Street community who met the conditions were selected and the questionnaire was adopted.The general information,daily life,medication and disease history of the elderly were recorded,and the fall situation and fracture after fall were known within 1 year.Subjects were investigated on Physical Activity Rating Scale(PARS-3),activity of daily living(ADL),Modified Fall Efficacy Scale(MFES).Chi-square test,Wilcoxon rank sum test of two independent samples,and logistic regression analysis were used for data statistics.Results The fall rate of elderly people over 60 years old in Laoximen community was 40.4%within one year.Women,coronary heart disease,sleep disorder,osteoporosis,cataract,osteoarthritis,3 types of medication,aged≥80 years old,no toilet handrails installed,insufficient lighting of corridor and use of sedatives and sedatives had a higher incidence of falls.Conclusion Female,aging,sleep disorder,osteoporosis,and use of sedative and hypnotic drugs are independent risk factors for falls in the elderly,we should pay attention to these risk factors in the prevention of disease and health education in the community.