养老院老年住户营养不良状况和吞咽障碍之间关系的调查研究

Investigation on the relationship between malnutrition and dysphagia in the elderly in the nursing home chain

目的通过问卷星软件在连锁养老机构中进行营养筛查和吞咽障碍调查,研究两者之间的相互关系。方法在上海市区3家连锁养老机构,都有失能失智专门护理区。由护理员对居住人群采用问卷星软件进行电子问卷调查。问卷内容主要包含微型营养评价法精简版(MNA-SF)和简易吞咽障碍问卷(EAT-10)。护理员接受培训后,通过手机微信,完成问卷接受,填写,上传。营养师通过PC端回收问卷并处理调查结果。结果(1)连锁养老机构中的MNA-SF结果:营养不良16.9%,营养不良风险38.9%,营养正常44.0%。(2)EAT-10吞咽功能结果与MNA-SF表中营养筛查结果进行相关性分析:饮食能力,活动能力,疾病发生,精神状态结果和EAT-10吞咽功能结果高度相关(P<0.001)。结论吞咽障碍与营养不良状况有高度的相关性。需要开发符合老年生理退化需求的老年易食食品,增加老年人的实际饮食摄入,满足营养需求。

Objective To investigate the relationship between nutrition screening and dysphagia using questionnaire software in the chain pension institutions.Method There were special nursing areas for disabled and mentally retarded people in three chain nursing institutions in Shanghai.With the help of nursing staff,the elderly residents were selected to conduct the electronic questionnaires by using questionnaire software.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included Mini Nutrition Assessment(MNA-SF)and Easy Dysphagia Questionnaire(EAT-10).After having been trained,nursing staff finished the questionnaires by receiving,filling in and uploading them with WeChat in mobile phone.Nutritionists collected questionnaires from PC and handled the results.Results(1)The results of MNA-SF in chain pension institutions were as follows:16.9%of malnutrition,38.9%of malnutrition risk and 44.0%of normal nutrition.(2)Diet ability,activity ability,disease occurrence,mental state results and EAT10 swallowing function results were highly correlated to EAT10 swallowing function results(P<0.001).Conclusion Dysphagia is highly correlated with malnutrition in the elderly,it is necessary to develop edible food,which meets the needs of physiological degradation of the elderly for increasing the actual dietary intake and meeting the nutritional needs of the elderly.