论元明清小说戏曲中的“烧夜香”叙事

An Analysis of"Burning Night Incense"Narration in the Fictions and Dramas in Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties

元明清小说戏曲中有大量的“烧夜香”叙事,从“烧夜香”习俗中萃取了极具故事延展力的女性、暮夜、花园、私情与灵异(巧合)五个基本要素并在儒家伦理规范的制约下建构故事,是探讨叙事文学如何萃取日常生活中叙事要素的独特视角。“烧夜香”叙事的叙事活力:一是其紧紧抓住了读者窥听女性私密生活与情感的兴趣点;二是其紧紧围绕暮夜与花园建构叙事的时空背景,而暮夜与花园对于女性来说均属于对日常生活秩序形成挑战的时间与空间;三是灵异在日常生活叙事中主要以巧合的形式呈现,“烧夜香”叙事的灵异不仅表现为所愿成真,而且在儒家伦理的影响下,灵异还常以变形的成“真”给予违礼“烧夜香”的女性以道德惩戒。

There are a large number of"burning night incense"narration in the fictions and dramas in Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties.From the custom of"burning night incense",it extracts five basics elements of women,night,garden,private feelings and spiritual(coincidence)which have great story extension.The elements are constructed under the constraints of Confucian ethics,which is a unique perspective to explore how narrative literature extracts the narrative elements of everyday customs.The narrative vitality of the"burning night incense"narration is that it closely grasps readers'interest in peeking into women's private life and emotions.The second is that it closely surrounds the space-time background of day and night and garden construction narration,night and garden belongs to the time and space that challenges the daily life order.Thirdly,the spirituality is mainly presented in the form of coincidence in the narrative of daily life.The spirituality of the"burning night incense"narration is not only expressed as a wish.Under the influence of Confucian ethics,the spirits often use morality to discriminate against women who violate the"burning night incense".