精准扶贫的实践偏离:一个包容性社会政策视角的考量

Practical Deviation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy:A Perspective of Inclusive Social Policy

精准扶贫是新时期我国扶贫领域具有中国特色的重要战略转向。从政策设计的初衷来看,精准扶贫的技术靶向旨在解决扶贫开发工作中的偏离问题。但在实践过程中,精准扶贫在某些地区某些时段却产生了“内卷化”困境的偏离趋势,衍生出“不精准”或“精准”程度有所差异的治理难题。作为一种伴随社会转型和贫困问题转变而产生的具有强烈包容性的扶贫开发模式,精准扶贫蕴含着我国社会政策重构过程中发展范式转变的重要价值规范。其中,就含有政策制定者对社会正义目标实现的理想追求。本文遵循精准扶贫政策设计的初衷,立足于“包容性社会政策”视角,回溯了其在理念层面上的价值取向。在包容性社会政策话语下,我们论证了社会自由较之社会平等所具有的更为重要的治理意义。在承认贫困户等弱势群体与其他社群之间发展差异的基础之上,我们强调构建能够容纳不同群体和个体实现利益优化和整合的协商机制的重要性。通过考察所在样本点的扶贫实践,我们进一步围绕“包容性”理念所提供的独特进路,分析了不同发展语境下政策执行所产生的不同结果,并从“宏观制度因素”和“微观个体因素”两个层面,对发生在基层扶贫干部身上的“限制性包容”取向展开探讨。本文的重心,在于重返“包容性”这一政策设计的理念初衷,进而诠释了精准扶贫最初所力图实现的主题。

Targeted poverty alleviation is an important strategic turn with Chinese characteristics in the field of poverty alleviation in the new era.Its technical target is to solve the deviation problem in the poverty alleviation and development work.However,in the actual poverty alleviation process,many governance problems with different degrees of"imprecision"or"precision"often arise.Following the original intention of targeted poverty alleviation policy,based on the perspective of"inclusive social policy",this paper traces back the value norms it should have at the conceptual level,and analyzes the different results of policy implementation in different development contexts of the sample sites,and further takes the"restrictive inclusion"of"macro institutional factors"and"micro individual factors"on grassroots poverty alleviation cadres to explore.The focus of this paper is to return to the original intention of the policy design of"inclusiveness",and then interpret the theme of targeted poverty alleviation.