基于ArcGIS的露天矿山土石方量测算方法研究

Study on Calculation Methods of Earthwork Volume in Open-pit Mines Based on ArcGIS

露天矿山生态修复尤其是对于高陡边坡的生态修复通常采用台阶爆破削坡再挂网喷播或修建飘台复绿等方式,在这个过程中经常会遇土石方量的计算,而且土石削坡量很大。传统方法是基于南方测绘的CASS软件通过断面法、方格法、等高线法、不规则三角网等方法进行计算。这类方法存在内业工作量较大、精度较低等缺点。基于此,本研究提出以点云数据为基础,在ArcGIS平台下对矿山现状和削坡后通过构建数字高程模型(DEM)进行建模,将不规则三角网(TIN)转换成栅格模型,并计算填挖方量。通过ArcGIS软件与CASS软件的计算结果对比,采用ArcGIS计算台阶爆破削坡土石方量的计算原理清楚、精度高、速度快、操作过程简单,可以实现三维可视化,具有一定的推广性。

The ecological restoration of open-pit mines,especially for the high steep slopes,usually adopts the methods of slope cutting by bench blasting,and hanging net and spraying or building greening platform. In this process,the calculation for large amount of earth rocks is often encountered. The traditional method is based on the CASS software from Southern surveying and mapping company to make computing by the methods of section method,grid method,contour line method and triangulated irregular network method(TIN). These kind of methods have disadvantages of large workload and low accuracy. Based on this,it is proposed to build a digital elevation model(DEM)on the basis of ArcGIS platform with point cloud data to model the mine status and slope cutting,convert the triangulated irregular network(TIN)into a grid model,and calculate the volume of cut & fill earthwork. By comparing the calculation results of ArcGIS software and CASS software,it is pointed out that the ArcGIS has advantages of clear calculation principle,high precision,fast speed and simple operation process to calculate the earthwork volume of bench blasting and slope cutting. It can realize three-dimensional visualization and is beneficial to be popularized.