新中国70年工业版画的发展与转型研究

Research on the Development and Transformation of Industrial Block Printing in the Past 70 Years of the New China

中国工业版画是在新中国工业化的时代背景下发展起来的版画类型。中国工业版画的发展可分为三个阶段,第一个阶段为1949—1978年新中国计划经济体制下走社会主义工业化道路时期;第二阶段为1979—1999年走中国特色社会主义工业化道路时期;第三阶段为2000—2019年走“新型工业化道路”时期。从第二阶段开始,工业版画叙事表达中拓宽了“现实主义”的创作思路,从而在工业本体和审美观念的探索中体现了从“宏大叙事”向“个体叙事”的转变,在版画语言探索上,开始逐渐摆脱以“木刻”为主的技法形式,铜版、丝网版、石版、综合版、照相制版、装置、跨媒体艺术等多种版种形式开始成为工业版画创作的新媒介。正因多种版种的出现及图式的创新,版画学界开始在学理上为工业版画重新下定义。这种重新定义和创作方法的转变,也表明了中国工业版画的整体面貌正在突破其传统工业版画的“语境”,朝着后工业化信息时代多重语义之下的新型中国工业版画创作方向发展。

Chinese industrial block printing is a type of printing that is developed under the background of the industrialization of the New China. The development of Chinese industrial block printing can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the period of developing the socialist industrialization road under the planned economic system of the new China from 1949 to 1978;the second stage is the period of developing the socialist industrial road with Chinese characteristics from 1979 to 1999;the third stage is the period of developing the "new industrialization road"from 2000 to 2019. Starting from the second stage,the narrative expression of industrial block printing broadened the creative thinking of "realism",which reflected a transformation from "grand narrative"to "individual narrative"in the exploration of industrial ontology and aesthetic concepts. In the exploration of the language of block printing,it began to gradually get rid of the technical form of"wood engraving",and various forms of printing,such as copper plate,silk screen plate,lithograph,comprehensive plate,photographic plate,installation,cross-media art and so on,began to become new media for the creation of industrial block printing. Because of the emergence of multiple types of printings and the innovation of schemas,the printmaking circle began to redefine industrial block printing in academic terms. This redefinition and the change of creation methods also show that the overall appearance of China’s industrial block printing breaks through the "context"of its traditional industrial block printing,therefore developing towards a new type of Chinese industrial printings under the multiple semantics of the post-industrial information age.