国内外机车车辆整车试验标准的发展历史研究及借鉴

Study and Reference on the Development History of Rolling Stock Testing Standards in both Domestic and Overseas

在机车车辆完工后、投入运营前,通过试验对其进行验证和确认是机车车辆生命周期的重要环节之一,国内外为此均制定了相应标准,例如IEC 61133、欧洲EN 50215、日本JIS E 4041和中国GB/T 3318标准等。通过搜集整理国内外机车车辆整车试验标准和相关法规等资料,分析了整车试验标准间的演进关系和主要技术变化,介绍了各国机车车辆验收准入政策。由于国情不同,我国整车试验标准与欧洲和日本存在一定差异,既有整车试验标准按“机、客、货、动”专业分类设置。我国移动装备的设计研制一开始就在统一规划下进行,不存在欧洲那种“互操作性”问题,但随着未来技术创新与发展,尚需立足国内实际,借鉴欧洲和日本相关经验,充分考虑法规背景和运用环境,使我国铁路机车车辆整车试验标准与技术发展相适应,同时积极参与国际标准制定,国内、国际标准协调发展。

Testing verification and validation of rolling stock on completion of construction and before entry into service is one of the impor⁃tant phases in its system life cycle,and corresponding standards have been formulated at home and abroad,such as IEC 61133,EN 50215,JIS E 4041 and GB/T 3318.By collecting and sorting out the test standards and relevant regulations at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the evolution path of these standards and the main technological changes between them.introduces Also the policies of rolling stock accep⁃tance and admittance in various countries are introduced.Due to different national conditions,there are some differences between China's test standards on rolling stock and those in Europe and Japan.China's current test standards are formulated and classified into four categories as lo⁃comotive,coach,wagon and multiple unis,based on the vehicle type or division of specialization from a management perspective.The de⁃sign and development of China's railway mobile equipment is carried out under the unified planning at the very beginning,and there is no"in⁃teroperability"problem as in Europe.However,with the future technological innovation and development,efforts still need to be made to adapt our test standards to the technological development.Although the experience of Europe and Japan can be used for reference,the work should be based on the actual domestic reality,taking full account of the legal background and operation environment.At the same time,through active participation in international standards activities to make domestic and international standards coordinated development.