近现代沉船(舰)水下考古的价值认知与思考

Reflection and Recognition on the Underwater Shipwreck Archaeology in Modern Times

近几年,甲午海战北洋海军沉舰的水下考古工作成果丰硕、社会影响颇广。文章从考古、文物和文化遗产的角度阐释近现代沉船①(舰)是水下考古的重要研究对象,对近现代沉船(舰)的共性进行分析总结,提出在考古学科范畴指导下,从历史、区域和专题角度及科学有效使用物理探测、定位、扫描等仪器设备开展近现代沉船(舰)水下考古工作的建议,并阐释了近现代沉船(舰)水下考古工作对中国水下考古和水下文化遗产的意义以及对考古学科发展与研究价值的认知,旨在为相关领域的保护和研究提供参考。

In recent years,the underwater archaeological work of the Northern Fleet’s wreck of warship in the First Sino-Japanese Naval Battle of 1894—1895 has made significant achievements and generated extensive social influence.From the perspective of archaeology,cultural relics and cultural heritage,this paper explains that modern shipwrecks are important research objects of underwater archaeology.The paper first analyzes and summarizes the common features of modern shipwreck,and proposes that under the guidance of archaeological disciplines,ways to conduct underwater shipwreck archaeology in modern times from the perspective of historical,regional and special topics,and scientific and effective use of physical detection equipment,positioning,scanning and other equipment.Lastly,the paper also explains the significance of the underwater archaeological work of modern shipwreck to China’s Underwater Archaeology and underwater cultural heritage,its contribution towards the development of and research in the archaeology discipline,and as a reference for the conservation practice and research in related fields.