中国劳动力转移对全要素生产率增长的影响

The Impact of China’s Labor Transfer on Total Factor Productivity Growth

文章选取2006~2017年29个省份的数据,运用有效结构变化指数刻画劳动力在产业间的转移,并实证分析其对全要素生产率增长的影响和作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)劳动力转移的有效结构变化对全要素生产率增长存在抑制作用,产业内劳动力异质性的上升是该抑制作用的中介效应。(2)低技能型产业劳动力有效结构变化一直大于高技能型产业,但两者间的差距逐渐下降;低技能型产业劳动力有效结构变化对经济体全要素生产率增长的抑制作用大于高技能型产业。(3)劳动力有效结构变化呈东部地区最强,西部地区次之,中部地区最小的态势;劳动力有效结构变化对全要素生产率增长的抑制作用呈中部地区最强、东部地区次之、西部地区不显著的特征。

This paper selects data in 29 provinces from 2006 to 2017, uses the Effective Structural Change Index(ESC) to depict the labor force transfer among industries and its impact on total factor productivity(TFP) growth. The results show that:(1) the ESC of labor transfer has an inhibitory effect on TFP growth, and the increase of labor heterogeneity within an industry mediates this inhibitory effect.(2) The ESC of labor in low-skilled industries has been greater than that in highskilled industries, but the gap between them decreased gradually. The ESC of low-skilled industries has a greater inhibitory effect on TFP growth than that of high-skilled industries.(3) The ESC is the highest in the eastern region, followed by that in the western region, and it is the smallest in the central region. The inhibitory effect on TFP growth is the strongest in the central region, smaller in the eastern region, and none in the western region.