两种同域分布鹿科动物的共存时空格局

Spatiotemporal Pattern of Co-existence of Two Sympatric Cervid Species in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve,Guizhou,China

为掌握喀斯特地区同域分布的小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)和毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)共存的时空分化格局,利用公里网格布设的红外相机对贵州麻阳河国家级自然保护区内的这2种鹿类进行监测。于2019年2—8月,在151个网格位点分别获得1328张小麂和167张毛冠鹿的独立有效照片,总有效工作时长21234 d。结果表明:(1)在时间活动节律上,小麂与毛冠鹿均属晨昏活动型,均在7月活动强度最高,日和季节性活动节律上两者均无显著差异(P>0.05),仅日活动高峰有所不同。(2)在生境利用分布上,小麂与毛冠鹿活动分布的重叠程度并不高,同期监测到两者的位点数仅占总监测位点数的22.11%。(3)在空间格局中(包括植被类型、海拔梯度、坡位等),两者活动强度均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。研究结论表明,麻阳河同域分布的小麂与毛冠鹿主要以生境利用分化和空间分布差异方式共存,而时间分化差异不明显。研究结果对于进一步掌握喀斯特地区鹿科动物同域分布的共存维持机制及其资源保护与管理有重要意义。

We studied the spatiotemporal pattern of co-existence of two sympatric Cervid species Muntiacus reevesi and Elaphodus cephalophus at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in the Karst area of Guizhou Province,China.We sampled by use of infrared cameras with the camera-layout on a km-grid.Over 21,234 camera working days we accumulated 1,328 independent photographs of Muntiacus reevesi and 167 of Elaphodus cephalophus from 151 camera sites.Based on these camera data,the results showed that:(1)in terms of time activity rhythm,Muntiacus reevesi and Elaphodus cephalophus both were more active in morning and evening with activity peaks at different times,both were most active in July,and their daily and seasonal activity patterns were similar.(P>0.05);(2)the extent of geographic overlap of the two species was not high,as shown by the number of camera sites detecting both Muntiacus reevesi and Elaphodus cephalophus in the same period only accounting for 22%of all camera sites;(3)we conclude that the co-existence of these two sympatric Cervidae species was mainly due to their differentiation of habitat use and population distribution,rather than differentiation in timing of activity periods.Our study objectives were to further understanding of the co-existence and maintenance mechanism of sympatric species in karst areas,and to enhance conservation management of these species in this region.