圈养黑猩猩冬季饲料探讨

Chimpanzee(Pan troglodytes)Winter Diets

2017年冬季,为检验杭州动物园黑猩猩冬季饲料是否在行为和营养上满足需求,粗略计算黑猩猩冬季饲料营养成分,与日本、阿根廷、上海野生动物园、国内动物园的日粮营养成分对比,同时参照中国营养学会推荐的人类膳食营养平衡标准和AZA黑猩猩饲养指南,结合杭州动物园黑猩猩实际生长发育情况,评估黑猩猩冬季饲料。结果显示,杭州动物园冬季黑猩猩饲料在营养成分上,总能量(10.5—15.9 MJ),高于黑猩猩维持能量(7.11—8.372 MJ),蛋白质(79—119 g)、脂肪(55—83 g)、碳水化合物(401—602 g)、微量元素总含量符合人的营养素参考摄入量和AZA黑猩猩饲养指南;在饲料种类上,蔬菜、水果、奶类的比例与已知5个动物园饲料总量均值之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),水果总量高于推荐量,无植物类食物供应。杭州动物在黑猩猩冬季饲料种类和营养成分上可以满足基本需求,但仍需改进,建议在满足营养需求的基础上,通过减少或更换水果、增加植物类饲料、增加干粮纤维比例等增加日粮的纤维含量。

To assess whether the winter diets met the behavioral and nutritional needs of chimpanzee in Hangzhou Zoo,we calculated the nutrient component of chimpanzee winter diets,compared with the component of chimpanzee diets of Japan Zoo,Argentina Zoo,Shanghai Safari Park and other domestic zoos.Then we assessed the winter diets by considering the growth and development of the chimpanzee in Hangzhou Zoo and referring to Chinese dietary reference iIntakes and by Chinese Nutrition Society and AZA Chimpanzee Care Manual,during winter 2017.The total energy(10.5-15.9 MJ)of chimpanzee diets was higher than the maintenance energy requirement(7.11-8.372 MJ)of chimpanzee.Total protein(79-119 g),total fat(55-83 g),total carbohydrate(401-602 g),and total microelement were in accordance with Chinese dietary reference intakes and ZAZ Chimpanzee Care Manual.The quantity and the ratio between vegetables,fruits and milk of chimpanzee winter diet did not differ from five other zoos reported previously(P>0.05).The fruits quantity exceeded recommendations and no other vegetable matter was provided.In conclusion,the composition and nutrient component of the chimpanzee winter diet met the metabolic needs of chimpanzee.However,the diet can be improved.We recommend that fiber be increased by reducing fruit or changing fruit,increasing vegetable content,and increasing the rate of fiber in biscuit on the basis of adequate nutritional requirements.