陕西野生鸟类非法贸易及盗捕状况的分析与对策

Analysis and Countermeasures of Illegal Trade and Hunting of Wild Bird in Shaanxi

本研究对2000—2018年陕西地区野生鸟类乱捕滥猎和非法贸易案件进行整理,得到涉案鸟类13目26科43属50种1258只,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类3种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类7种,中国特有种6种。属于陕西地区分布的有38种,占全部记录鸟种的76.00%,占总数量的76.39%。被捕获或交易个体数量排名前十的均为省内分布鸟种,数量最多的为金翅雀(Chloris sinica)、燕雀(Fringilla montifringilla)和黄喉鹀(Emberiza elegans)。通过SPSS软件分析,鸟类年涉案量出现2次峰值,并随季节波动变化明显,冬季为高峰期。鸟种数量与年份显著相关(r=0.68,P<0.05)。为杜绝野生鸟类乱捕滥猎和非法交易现象的发生,加强当地野生鸟类的保护管理工作,提出标记管理和多部门联合执法的建议,为今后保护工作的开展提供参考。

This study,we analyzed the cases of wild bird hunting and illegal trade in Shaanxi from 2000 to 2018.In total,1,258 birds of 13 orders,26 families,43 genera,and 50 species were involved in these cases.Of these 50 species,3 were Class I national-protected species,7 were ClassⅡnational-protected species,and 6 are endemic to China.Thirty-eight species were of the Shaanxi area,accounting for 76%of all recorded bird species and 76%of the total number of birds.The ten species of which the number caught or traded were the largest are all distributing in Shaanxi,with the top three largest number being goldfinch(Chloris sinica),brambling(Fringilla montifringilla),and yellow-throated bunting(Emberiza elegans).Numbers of captured birds peaked twice annually in line with seasonal fluctuations,and winter was the highest peak period.The number of captured bird species was significantly correlated with the year(r=0.681,P<0.05).In order to prevent wild bird hunting and illegal trading,the protection and management of local wild birds should be strengthened.We offer recommendations for legal management and multi-department joint law enforcement to provide reference for future protection work.