明清家训德育思想的现代性启示

Modern Enlightenment of Moral EducationThoughts of Family Motto in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清家训非常重视德育的社会教化功能,围绕着儒家“修身——齐家——治国平天下”的人生理想,从“个人——家族——社会”三个层面出发,提出了以德为本的修身观、勤俭和谐的齐家观、以德交友的处世观。它在德育方法上集中体现为认知层面的养正于蒙,注重启蒙式引导;实践层面的言传身教,强化榜样性示范;情感层面的因材施教,进行分类化教育。促进明清家训德育思想的现代性转换要在其内容和方法上探索:一是立足时代语境,丰富德育内容,使其与社会主义核心价值观相辅相成;二是结合学生特点,拓展德育方法,促进新时代思政教育融合发展。

Family mottos in the Ming and Qing dynasties attached great importance to the social education function of moral education,centering on the Confucian life ideal of“cultivating one's morality--regulating one's family--governing the country--bringing the peace to the world”.Proceeding from the three levels of individual,family and society,the author puts forward the concept of cultivating one's morality based on virtue,the concept of regulating one's family based on diligence and thrift,and the concept of making friends based on morality.It is embodied in the method of moral education,that is,on the cognitive level,it pays attention to the cultivation of moral integrity,and pays attention to the enlightenment guidance.At the practical level,emphasis is placed on teaching by example and strengthening sample demonstration.At the emotional level,educators should teacher students according to their emotional needs,pay attention to their characteristics and conduct classified education.In order to promote the modern transformation of moral education in Ming and Qing dynasties,educators should explore its contents and methods.Second,people need to combine the characteristics of students,expand the methods of moral education and promote the integrated development of ideological and political education in the new era.