新时期新疆水库大坝建设的主要问题与对策建议

Main problems and countermeasures of reservoir dam construction in Xinjiang in the new period

截止2018年,全疆(含兵团)已建、在建及拟建水库722座(包括电站水库),总库容295.0×10^8 m^3。有力地改善了水资源调控和利用效率,在灌溉、供水、防洪、发电、旅游等方面发挥了极其重要的作用。新时期按照水利部“水利工程补短板、水利行业强监管”的工作总基调,针对南北疆水资源配置不平衡问题、水资源利用不充分问题,谋划提出了兴建数十座大中型山区水库,以及提升已建水库大坝信息化管理水平、加强水库调度运行管理,在满足生态需水的前提下统筹生活、生产供水,最大程度发挥水库效益、确保水库安全运行。针对新时期气候变化条件下水库洪水风险分析、大坝建设需要重点关注的几项关键技术、山区水库替代平原水库、河流健康与生态调度、水库清淤与能力提升、水库信息化与智能调度以及延长服役期等问题进行了探讨,提出若干对策建议。

By 2018,722 reservoirs(including power station reservoirs)will be built,with some of which had been built and are still partly under construction in Xinjiang(including Xingjing Production and Construction Corps),China giving a total storage capacity of nearly 295×108 m3.These reservoirs have effectively enhanced the efficiency of regulating and utilizing water resources and played an extremely crucial role in irrigation,water supply,flood control,power generation,tourism,etc.In line with the working principle given by the Ministry of Water Resources,“compensating the shortcomings of water conservancy projects and enhancing the supervision of water conservancy industry”,plans to address the problem of the imbalanced and insufficient utilization in water resources are proposed.These include building dozens of large and medium-sized mountain reservoirs,improving the information digitization management of dams,providing drinking water and industrial water against the background of satisfying ecological water,maximizing the benefits,and ensuring the safe operations of reservoir.This paper presents the work in terms of the flood risk analysis under climate changes,several key technologies used for dam construction,the replacement of plain reservoirs with mountain reservoirs,the concerns about river health and ecological regulation,reservoir dredging and its capacity enhancement,the digitization and intelligent dispatch of reservoirs,and extending the operating time of reservoirs.