山西乡村民居型景区周边环境空间演化的深层机理研究

Spatial evolution mechanism of peripheral environment of local village residential style scenic spot in Shanxi Province

改革开放40 a,在中国各种形式的产业结构中,对乡村聚落保存贡献较大的是乡村旅游的开展。新时代大旅游发展模式中,游客活动范围不再局限于景区内,而向景区周边环境及区域环境扩展,周边环境的充分利用对于旅游业的发展至关重要。本文以乡村大院景区皇城相府周边环境为例,采用统计分析、ENVI解译和GIS方法对其演化的机理进行深入分析。结合周边环境空间演化过程的3个时期和先天条件、管理、需求3个影响层因素,发现景区周边环境演变机理的根本性原因是管理层因素,即自主性强、环境宽松的集体体制与目标明确、踏实奋斗的管理人员的共同作用。这一演化机理对于古村落、乡村民居旅游开发及乡村振兴具有推广意义。其中集体经济体制使得景区内部以及周边环境的管理主体唯一,有利于协调管理,对山西其他乡村大院旅游开发具有很强的示范作用,并为国家和全球治理提供微观视角。

In the past 40 a of reform and opening up,rural tourism has contributed greatly to the preservation of rural settlements in various forms of industrial structure in China.During the development model of grand tourism in the new era,the scope of tourists’activities is no longer limited to the scenic area,but to the peripheral environment and regional environment of tourist attraction.Hence,the full use of the peripheral environment is crucial to the development of tourism.Taking the peripheral environment of the Royal Prime Minister’s Palace in the village courtyard at Yangcheng County,Shanxi Province,China as an example,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of its evolution mechanism by means of statistical analysis,ENVI interpretation,and GIS.Combining the three stages of the spatial evolution process of the peripheral environment and the factors from the three impact layers of the congenital conditions,management and demand,the paper finds that the fundamental reason of the evolution mechanism of the peripheral environment is the management factors.These include both the collective system with strong autonomy,loose environment,and the managers with clear objectives and steadfast efforts which make the result.This evolutionary mechanism has a promotion significance for tourism development of ancient villages and rural dwellings,as well as rural revitalization.The collective ownership makes the management subject unique within the scenic area and the peripheral environment,which is convenient for coordinated management and has a strong demonstration role for the development of tourism in other rural courtyard villages in Shanxi.This study also provides a micro perspective for national and global governance.