大学生分裂型特质、孤独特质与情绪的探讨

Investigation on the association between schizotypal traits,autistic traits and emotion in college students

目的探讨大学生中分裂型特质群体、孤独特质群体、特质共存群体和低分对照群体在述情障碍、情绪体验和情绪调节上的表现。方法通过社会快感缺失量表(CSAS)和孤独症谱系问卷(AQ)从大学生中筛选出高分裂型特质个体20名(CSAS≥20,AQ<28)、高孤独特质个体23名(CSAS<20,AQ≥28)、特质共存个体20名(CSAS≥20,AQ≥28)、低分对照个体27名(CSAS≤11,AQ≤20)。此外,多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)、愉快体验量表(TEPS)、情绪调节问卷(ERQ)和抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(DASS-21)用于评估被试的述情障碍、愉快体验、情绪调节策略的使用偏好和消极情绪。结果四组DASS-21总分及抑郁、焦虑、压力维度得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。控制DASS-21总分后,四组TAS-20总分和情感描述困难得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较显示,分裂型特质组TAS-20总分和情感描述困难得分高于孤独特质组、特质共存组和低分对照组(P<0.05),特质共存组TAS-20情感描述困难得分高于低分对照组(P<0.05)。控制DASS-21总分后,四组TEPS总分和预期愉快体验得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较结果显示,孤独特质组、低分对照组TEPS总分高于特质共存组(P<0.05),孤独特质组、低分对照组TEPS预期愉快体验得分高于分裂型特质组和特质共存组(P<0.05)。结论高分裂型特质大学生和特质共存大学生可能存在述情障碍和愉快体验缺损,而高孤独特质大学生在述情障碍、愉快体验和情绪调节上不存在异常。

Objective To explore alexithymia,emotional experience and emotion regulation in college students with high schizotypal traits,those with high autistic traits,those with high levels of both traits and healthy controls.Methods Chapman Social Anhedonia Scale(CSAS)and Autism Spectrum Quotient(AQ)were used to screen 20 individuals with high schizotypal traits(CSAS≥20,AQ<28),23 individuals with high autistic traits(CSAS<20,AQ≥28),20 individuals with high levels of both schizotypal and autistic traits(CSAS≥20,AQ≥28)and 27 individuals with low levels of both traits(CSAS≤11,AQ≤20).They were all assessed with Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20),Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale(TEPS),Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ)and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale(DASS-21).Results There existed significant differences in the total scores and dimension scores of depression,anxiety and stress of DASS-21 among four groups(P<0.05).After controlling the total scores of DASS-21,there existed significant differences in the total scores and factor scores of emotion description difficulty of TAS-20 among four groups(P<0.05).The total score and factor score of emotion description difficulty of TAS-20 in individuals with high schizotypal traits were significantly higher than those in individuals with high autistic traits,individuals with high levels of both schizotypal and autistic traits and individuals with low levels of both traits(P<0.05).The factor score of emotion description difficulty of TAS-20 in individuals with high levels of both schizotypal and autistic traits was significantly higher than that in individuals with low levels of both traits(P<0.05).After controlling the total scores of DASS-21,there existed significant differences in the total scores and factor scores of expected pleasant experience of TEPS among four groups(P<0.05).The total scores of TEPS in individuals with high autistic traits and individuals with low levels of both traits were significantly higher than that in individuals with high levels of both schizotypal and autistic traits(P<0.05).The factor scores of expected pleasant experience of TEPS in individuals with high autistic traits and individuals with low levels of both traits were significantly higher than those in individuals with high schizotypal traits and individuals with high levels of both schizotypal and autistic traits(P<0.05).Conclusion Individuals with high schizotypal traits and individuals with high levels of both schizotypal and autistic traits may have more alexithymia and defect of pleasant experience,while individuals with high autistic traits have no abnormalities in alexithymia,pleasant experience and emotional regulation.