彩色灯光视觉调节对长隧道驾驶催眠缓解作用的试验

Experimental Study on the Effect of Color Light Vision Regulation on Hypnotic Relief of Long Tunnel Driving

驾驶人在长隧道中间段驾驶中容易出现"隧道催眠"现象,为了缓解这一特殊视觉心理问题,在分析隧道催眠现象产生原因和长隧道中间段照明环境改善措施的基础上,提出了以特殊颜色灯光带作为视觉滤波带的隧道中间段照明设置形式。根据不同颜色光源下的视觉功能试验,选定不影响视觉功能但具有较强视觉刺激作用的红色光源作为视觉滤波带光源颜色。利用DIALux仿真软件建立设置了红光特殊照明以及普通照明2种场景下的隧道模型,并对有关照明指标进行计算。结果表明红光特殊照明对隧道照明参数无不利影响。通过红光特殊照明及普通照明隧道路段驾驶模拟试验,采集驾驶人动态视觉特征,包括眨眼频率及瞳孔直径,结果表明通过红色特殊灯光区域时,驾驶人的眨眼频率明显高于其他路段,瞳孔面积也存在较明显的先增大再减小的过程,说明红光段对驾驶人具有明显的视觉刺激作用。为评估红色特殊灯光区域对视觉安全性的影响,引入"瞳孔面积最大瞬态速度值"作为红光段视觉负荷评价指标,结果表明红色特殊灯光带引起的视觉负荷在驾驶视觉舒适范围内,其视觉刺激作用能够满足驾驶视觉安全要求。综上可以说明,红色特殊色彩灯光带能够在保证视觉舒适性的同时给驾驶人提供视觉刺激,起到视觉警示作用,缓解隧道催眠现象。

The tunnel hypnosis phenomenon is easy to occur when the driver is driving in the middle part of the long tunnel.In order to alleviate this special visual psychological problem,based on the analysis of the causes of tunnel hypnosis and the improvement measures of the tunnel lighting environment,this paper proposes the lighting setting form in the middle section of long tunnels with special color light area as the visual filter band.According to the visual function experiments under different color light sources,the red light source which didn’t affect visual function but had strong visual stimulation effect was selected as the color of visual filter band light source.The tunnel model of special red light illumination and general light illumination was established by using DIALux simulation software,and the relevant lighting indexes were calculated.The results show that the special red light has no adverse effect on the tunnel lighting parameters.The dynamic visual characteristics of drivers,including blink frequency and pupil diameter,were collected through the driving simulation experiment of red light special lighting and ordinary lighting tunnel section.The results showed that when passing through the red special lighting area,the driver’s blink frequency was significantly higher than that of other sections,and the pupil area also had a relatively obvious process of first increasing and then decreasing,indicating that the red light section has an obvious visual stimulation effect on drivers.In order to evaluate the impact of red special light area on visual safety,"the maximum transient velocity value of pupil area"was introduced as the visual load evaluation index of red light section.The results show that the visual load caused by red special light zone is within the comfort range of driving vision,and its visual stimulation can meet the safety requirements of driving vision.To sum up,it can be concluded that the red special color light area can not only ensure visual comfort,but also provide visual stimulation for drivers,play a visual warning role and alleviate tunnel hypnosis.