基于DEM的桐柏山区基本地貌分类及定量分析

DEM-based Geomorphological Classification and Quantitative Analysis in the Tongbai Mountain Area

地貌分类是认识区域自然地理特征的基础.然而,由于地理空间差异的影响,宏观地貌分类标准并不能有效地服务于小区域的自然地理研究.基于此,采用30 m分辨率的SRTM DEM数据,以海拔和起伏高度为主要分类参数,对桐柏山地区进行了地貌分类研究.结果发现,桐柏山山区海拔主要集中在300~800 m,起伏高度约0~370 m,以低山和丘陵为主.通过Swath剖面对该区的地形特征进行研究表明,桐柏山区在海拔300 m、500 m和700 m上具有较明显的分界特征.此外,基于15×15像元分析窗口的起伏高度分析表明,研究区的起伏高度存在30 m、70 m和200 m的分界.综合海拔和起伏高度两种地形参数,结合中国地貌区划标准,将桐柏山区的地貌单元划分为4大类,16小类,即Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型平原区、台地区、丘陵区和山区.

Geomorphological classification is the basis for understanding the natural geographical features of the region.However,due to the influence of geospatial differences,the macro-geomorphological classification standards can not effectively serve the study of physical geography in small areas.Based on the SRTM DEM data with a resolution of 30 m,the altitude and relief of the Tongbai Mountain area were analyzed.The results show that the altitude of the Tongbai Mountain area is approximately 300~800 m,and the relief is about 0~370 m.The study area is mainly dominated by low mountains and hills.By using three swath profiles,it showed that there were three obvious boundaries at the heights of 300 m,500 m,and 700 m above sea level in the Tongbai Mountain area.In addition,the analysis of the relief based on an analysis with a 15×15 pixel window showed boundaries of 30,70 and 200 m.Based on the two terrain parameters of altitude and relief,combined with the Chinese geomorphological zoning standards,the geomorphic units of Tongbai Mountain is divided into four major categories and 16 subtypes,namelyⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅥplains,platforms,hilly areas and mountainous areas.