学龄前儿童孤独症谱系障碍家长管理训练要素调查分析

Analysis of factors of parent management training for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

目的本文针对学龄前孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童,调查分析现有的家长管理训练(PMT)方案,总结PMT方案所涉的重要因素。方法首先,收集所有减少学龄前儿童行为问题的PMT方案,方案总数为25。然后,对方案中涉及的所有项目合并分类,分三类,总共24个项目。确认这些项目对于学龄前儿童行为问题的有效性。然后确定项目中的有效因素。从内容有效性(CVI)和满意效用比(CVR)两个方面对项目的重要因素进行评估。结果学龄前ASD儿童PMT项目总数为24项。分为三类:一般、专门和支持性项目。总结出PMT项目的重点要素5项,分别为心理健康、家长技能、心理教育、婚姻以及治疗知识,针对这5项要素,在家庭管理训练中需要关注的内容有13项具体描述。结论考虑到ASD儿童的特点,PMT项目的某些部分需要有针对性的改变。通过调查学龄前ASD儿童的家庭管理训练项目,总结能够减少儿童行为问题的有效因素,帮助家长明确如何有效开展ASD儿童的PMT。

Objective To investigate and analyze the existing parent management training programs for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),and summarize the important factors involved in parent management training programs.Methods First,all parent management training programs to reduce preschool children's behavioral problems were collected,totaling 25 programs.Then,all the projects involved in the program are grouped into three categories,totaling 24 projects.The effectiveness of these programs for preschool children with behavioral problems was identified.Then the effective factors in the project were identifed.The important factors of the project were evaluated from two aspects:Content Validity Index(CVI)and Content Validity Ratio(CVR).Results The total number of PMT projects for preschool ASD children was 24.There were three categories:general,specialized,and supportive.Five key elements of PMT project were summarized,including mental health,parental skills,psychological education,marriage and therapeutic knowledge.For these five elements,there were 13 specific descriptions of the contents to be paid attention to in family management training.Conclusion Given the characteristics of children with ASD,some parts of parent management training programs need to be tailored.This paper investigates the family management training programs for preschool children with ASD,summarizes the effective factors that can reduce children's behavioral problems,and helps parents to determine how to effectively carry out parent management training for children with autism spectrum disorder.