沧源县嘎多佤族传统村落景观空间特征研究

Study on the Spatial Characteristics of Gaduo Va Ethnic Village Landscape in Cangyuan County

以沧源佤族聚集区为调查范围,采用实地调查与文献分析法,从人类学社会学视角,把嘎多村的村落景观空间与民族文化及乡土生活联系起来。结果发现:嘎多村由新寨、上寨和下寨三个明显的组团,并且各组团空间的建筑密度不同,有干栏式和落地式2种建筑结构;嘎多村外部被东丁河所环绕,水域周边为自然式驳岸,整体竖向层次丰富而清晰;村内道路具有明显的等级,分别为主路、连接组团间的次路以及通往每户的巷道;内部巷道在节点空间形式体现上较为丰富多样,其交叉点有Y字型、交叉型、T字型、十字型等,公共空间节点主要由路口的活动场地、月亮广场等组成,空间形式略为单一;嘎多村顶界面、侧界面和底界面受到当地地理条件以及周边自然环境的共同影响,展现着当地独有的景观空间特征。嘎多村在建筑风格、布局、材料以及细部的体现上,与沧源县其他传统村落相比既有共性,又具有差异,其建筑具备着明显的地域文化和民族文化特征。

From the perspective of anthropology and sociology,field investigation and literature analysis are adopted,landscape of Gadou Village,a settlement of Va people in cangyuan is studied by linking it with ethnic culture and folk life.The results show that Gaduo Village is composed of 3 distinct groups,including Xinzhai group,Shangzhai group and Xiazhai group,the building density varies from each group and the residence can be classified into 2 categories of stilt and floor style;Gaduo Village is surrounded by Dongding River whose revetment is natural,and the vertical view of this river is abundant;the roads in this village can be divided into 3 levels,including main roads,sub-roads and alleyways;the intersections of alleyways have different forms,such as Y-shaped,intercrossed,T-shaped and crossroad intersection,these intersections as well as the Moon Square are main activity space for the villagers;under the influence of geographical conditions and surrounding environment,the top interface,lateral interface and bottom interface of Gaduo Village show unique landscape characteristics.It was concluded that Gaduo Village has both similarities and differences in architectural style,layout,materials compared with other traditional villages in Cangyuan County,which makes its architecture extremely regional and national.