体教融合的历史背景与现实意义

The Historical Background and Practical Significance of the Integration of Sports and Education

体教融合就是把竞技人才的培养(体)融合到国民教育体系(教)之中。新中国成立以来,体教双方在发展过程中呈现出体教配合、体教结合、体教融合3个发展阶段"。体教配合"阶段体教双方都把"增强人民体质"作为共同目标,形成了中国群众(学校)体育发展的"黄金时代""。体教结合"阶段由于强化了体育的竞技金牌价值,一方面促进了举国体制的金牌战略,形成了运动员培养忽视文化学习的片面发展模式,另一方面,由于忽视了"增强人民体质"的目标和学生成长评价体系过分偏重文化课成绩、忽视体育和体质等方面的问题,造成了"金牌大国"普遍体质弱化的被动局面。中国体育和教育事业发展到新时代,要解决的最直接问题就是提高青少年体质和完善竞技人才结构。把"体教配合"与"体教结合"的主旨结合起来,形成"体教融合"。以"三大球"为重点实施领域,抓住教会、勤练、常赛关键环节,在促进人的全面发展的同时,努力培养高水平体育竞技人才。

The essence of the integration of sports and education is to put the sports talents training into the system of national education.Since the founding of the new China,the development of both education and sports has experienced three progressive stages:The cooperation of sports and education,the combination of sports and education,and the integration of sports and education.In the stage of the cooperation of sports and education,both sides of education and sports regarded“enhancing people's physical fitness”as their common goal,which formed the“golden time”of mass(school)sports development in China.In the stage of combination of sports and education,the value of gold medals in competitive sports was emphasized.On the one hand,the strategy of using national concentrated efforts and resources to win the gold medals was enhanced,while the knowledge learning was seriously ignored in the athletes training.On the other hand,due to the neglect of the goal of“strengthening people's physique”,and the students;growth evaluation system overemphasizes the achievements of cultural courses and ignores the problems of sports and physique,which leads to the passive situation of weakening the general physique of“gold medal power”.With the development of China's sports and education in the new era,the most direct problem to be solved is to strengthen the physical fitness of adolescents and to optimize the talents structure of competitive sports.Therefore,we should combine the theme of“combination of sports and education”and“combination of sports and education”to form“integration of sports and education”.At the same time,we should focus on the implementation of the“three big balls”,grasp the key links of teaching,hard training and regular competition,and strive to cultivate high-level sports talents while promoting the all-round development of human beings.