西方古代艺术概念中的智识传统——从柏拉图到黑格尔

Intellectual Tradition in the Concepts of Ancient Western Art:from Plato to Hegel

西方古代艺术概念从内涵与形态都迥异于现代艺术理论,但先者是后者的概念原型,后者乃先者的自然结果,其要义在于贯穿始终的智识传统。古希腊技艺作为一门专业知识受理性主导和形而上召引;中世纪“自由七艺”与“机械七艺”概念均追求智识品质;文艺复兴时期艺术家对数理知识的追逐促进视觉艺术地位提升和诸门艺术走向统一;启蒙时代在哲学美学的支持下,自由艺术被美的艺术概念所取代;19世纪上半叶黑格尔等人的努力让艺术作为一门科学进入哲学反思阶段,这是西方古代艺术概念先天智识传统的终极形式,也是现代艺术理论的历史起点。自反式的现代与古代艺术理论之间内嵌着一种追逐智识的历史同质性。

In terms of connotation and form,the concepts of ancient Western art are quite distinct from those in modern art theory,but the former is the conceptual prototype of the latter while the latter is the natural result of the former whose essence lies in the consistent intellectual tradition.As the professional knowledge,ancient Greek arts were dominated by rationality and metaphysics.In the Middle Ages,the concepts of“seven liberal arts”and“seven mechanical arts”both pursued intellectual quality.In Renaissance,artists’pursuit of mathematical knowledge promoted the status of visual art and the unification of various arts.In the era of Enlightenment,liberal arts were replaced by the artistic concept of beauty with the support of philosophy and aesthetics.In the first half of the 19th century,art was ushered into the phase of philosophical reflection with Hegel’s and others’efforts which is the ultimate form of the inherent intellectual tradition of ancient Western art concepts and the historical starting point of modern art theory.There is a historical homogeneity in the intellectual pursuit between the reflexive modern art theories and ancient ones.