“一带一路”倡议与非洲一体化

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the African Integration

有关“一带一路”倡议的研究一般从技术、产业领域角度出发,以官方文件(宣言、行动计划、协定等)为基础,评估能源、农业、建筑、金融、安全、教育等领域取得的成就。这些研究有助于提高对“一带一路”倡议的认识,但无法全面深刻地勾画其总体图景,因而分析与“一带一路”倡议相关的重要问题,更好地了解其目标和面临的挑战,就显得非常关键。本文首先阐述了“一带一路”倡议的理论基础、总体目标、侧重点及当前成就;其次就一系列特殊而重要的问题展开分析,如“一带一路”倡议的思想渊源及其重塑国际秩序的意愿,包括道德至上、反霸权主义的世界观等。本文还对非洲基础设施建设和工业化情况进行分析,以此说明“一带一路”倡议的包容性和统一性,并对非洲一体化的地缘政治影响展开讨论。本文结论部分提出,非洲基础设施建设与工业化这一核心问题应抓住“一带一路”倡议的重大机遇,并与传统泛非主义的抉择结合起来。

Research on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)favors technical and sectoral approaches.Based on official documents(Declarations,Action Plans,Agreements,etc.),they assess the achievements in each sector:energy,agriculture,construction,financing,security,education,etc.These approaches increase the understanding of the strategies deployed,but seem incapable of restoring the overall vision underlying the Initiative.Our bet is to analyze the key questions,for a better intelligibility of the objectives and the stakes.The article first presents the prolegomena(doctrinal basis,global objectives,priorities,current achievements).It then analyzes the specific but crucial questions:the revitalization of Afro-Asianism;the post-Western purpose of the BRI,its philosophical foundations,its desire to reshape the international order(primacy of virtue,anti-hegemonic vision of the world).The assessment of the infrastructure and industrial network illustrates the integrating or unifying vocation of the BRI.Next comes the examination of the geostrategic consequences of integration.The conclusion is that the core issue of infrastructure construction and industrialization in Africa should take the great opportunity of the Belt and Road Initiative,and be combined with the classic pan-Africanist choices.