台湾“本土化”的演进及影响——政权运作的视角

The Evolution and Influence of Taiwan’s Localization——Perspective of Regime Operation

20世纪70年代以来,“本土化”成为岛内政权的运作模式,并随着历史语境的变迁产生了不同的政治意涵。台湾“本土化”总体上沿着“权力—制度—认同”的路径演进,主要表现为:蒋经国时期权力结构的“本土化”,即上层政治系统向台籍精英开放;李登辉时期制度建构的“本土化”,即“中华民国”政治体制的台湾化;政党轮替后认同塑造的“本土化”,即民进党通过文化、教育、社会生活等各层面的“去中国化”重塑台湾人的“国族”认同。在此过程中,权力结构的“本土化”松动了岛内封闭僵化的威权体制,遵循了政治多元化的发展规律。但当“本土化”转向制度和认同层面,却不断为“台独”分裂创造所谓的“政治正确”,导致两岸政治定位的异化和台湾人“国族”认同的扭曲,对两岸关系产生恶劣影响。

Since the 1970s,“localization”became an regime’s operational mode in Taiwan,and has generated different political connotations as the historical context changes.Taiwan’s“localization”evovles along the path of“Power-Institution-Identity”in the mass,which mainly shows the“localization”of Power structure during Chiang Ching-kuo period,that upper political system opened to Taiwan Residents elites;the“localization”of Institutional construction during Lee Teng-hui period,namely the Taiwanization of“Republic of China”political institution;the“localization”of Identity shaping after the replacement of political party in power,that DPP reshapes Taiwan Residents“national identity”through the multifaceted“de-Sinicization”in cultural,educational,and social fields“de-Sinicization”.During this process,“localization”of Power structure got loose the the closed and ossified authoritarian regime,followed the rule of political pluralization.But when“localization”turned to Institutional and identity aspects,it created“political correctness”for“Taiwan independence”split constantly,resulting in alienation of Cross-strait political positioning and distortion of Taiwan Residents national identity,which has exerted bad influences on cross-Straits relations.