规制违反一个中国原则涉台广告的法律难题及政策思考

The Problem of Legal Regulation of Taiwan Related Advertisement in Violation of the“One China Principle”and its Thinking

将台湾作为“国家”宣称等违反一中原则的涉台广告屡屡出现,损害国家尊严和社会公共利益,侵害民众维护统一的情感,造成恶劣影响。而相关文件主要适用于新闻报道、出版等领域,无法适用于商业广告。法律层面看,《反分裂国家法》无法直接适用,实践中主要是依据《广告法》第九条第4款将其认定为“损害国家尊严或利益的广告”并予以相应行政处罚。但该规制方式存在过于依靠政府主导、无法涵盖非广告类用语、民事和刑事责任缺位等不足。应依据《宪法》、《反分裂国家法》之规定,区分故意和过失等不同类型的违规涉台广告,参考“英烈人格权保护”增设相应侵权责任,并在刑法中增设“侮辱国格罪”。同时,可将此类案件纳入检察公益诉讼范围。

Taiwan related advertisement that violate the“one China principle”appear repeatedly,which damage the national dignity and social public interests,infringe on the people’s feelings of maintaining unity,and cause adverse effects.The relevant documents are mainly from the positive guidance and norms,lack of force for such behavior.From the perspective of law,the Anti-Secession Law can not be directly applied.In practice,it is mainly determined as“an advertisement damaging the dignity or interests of the state”according to Article 9(4)of the Advertising Law and given corresponding administrative penalties.However,the regulation is too dependent on the government,lack of civil and criminal liability,and so on.According to the provisions of the Constitution and the Anti-Secession Law,we should distinguish the intentional and negligent illegal Taiwan related advertisement,add the corresponding tort liability with reference to the protection of heroic personality rights,and add the“crime of insulting national dignity”in the criminal law.At the same time,such cases can be included in the scope of public interest litigation.