《联合国海洋法公约》框架下的领海基线选划实践研究——以新西兰为例

Research on Territorial Sea Baseline Delineation Practice under the Framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea——A Case Study of New Zealand

领海基线是沿海国主张其海域管辖范围的起始线。根据沿海国地理状况和岸线特征,领海基线选划可以采用不同方法,各类方法不仅有严格使用条件,而且应当遵循统一的制度、原则和标准。新西兰作为世界重要的海洋国家之一,在《联合国海洋法公约》框架下较早建立起比较完备的、符合国际一般技术要求的领海基线体系,并实现了所有边远岛礁全覆盖,建立了基于互联网的国土信息专题网站,开展海洋区域界限与边界数据在线发布和共享服务。新西兰建立的领海基线体系为该国主张海洋区域权利以及解决与邻国海洋划界争端提供了良好基础条件,外大陆架划界案通过联合国大陆架界限委员会审议,与澳大利亚专属经济区和大陆架的划界争端也顺利解决,与其他邻国之间的海洋划界也在协商之中。总体上看,新西兰领海基线体系对世界其他海洋国家领海基线选划具有重要参考价值。

The territorial sea baselines are the original lines for coastal states to claim these jurisdiction maritime zones.According to the coastal geographical conditions and shoreline characteristics,the baselines system of the territorial sea established can adopt different methods.Each method not only has strict condition,but also should comply with the unified rules,principles and standards.As one of the most important maritime countries in the world,New Zealand has built Territorial Sea Baseline System(TSBS)under the framework of the United Nations Law of the Sea.All the outlying islands or reefs have established baselines.Of course,they conform to the general technical standard.A special website for New Zealand land information has been set up,which provides data distribution and sharing service to global users.The establishment of TSBS of New Zealand provides a good basis for the maritime rights claims and the settlement of maritime delimitation with neighboring countries.New Zealand's submission was confirmed by the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf.the dispute with Australia's exclusive economic zone and continental shelf was solved smoothly and the maritime delimitation with other neighboring countries was also under negotiation.New Zealand's TSBS has important reference value for the selection of territorial sea baselines for other maritime countries in the world.