陆地石油钻井装备技术现状及发展方向探讨

Discussion on Technical Status and Development Direction of Land Oil-Field Drilling Equipment

为了促进我国陆地石油钻井装备的持续发展和技术进步,对国内外钻井装备的典型产品和先进技术进行了分析与论述,包括国外的全液压自动化钻机、连续运动钻机、高效自动化钻机、未来智能钻机,以及我国近年来研制的深井超深井四单根立柱钻机、系列管柱自动化石油钻机、超长单根和双单根立柱自动化钻机、稳压力大排量钻井泵、大吨位直立移运钻机、丛式井轨道式极地钻机等。研究结果表明,国产钻井装备与发达国家相比仍然在钻井工具配套研究、自动化产品应用研究、智能化装备深层次开发以及核心元器件攻关研究等方面存在着较大差距。在此基础上,提出了未来石油钻井装备将逐渐向标准化配置、深井特深井钻井、特殊地层地貌钻井、快捷绿色环保节能钻井和高效自动化及智能化方向发展等5点建议。

In order to promote the sustainable development and technological progress of land oil-field drilling equipment in China,domestic and foreign typical products and advanced technologies of drilling equipment are analyzed and illustrated in detail,including foreign fully-hydraulic automated drilling rig,continuous-motion drilling rig,high-efficiency automated drilling rig and future intelligent drilling rig,and domestic recently developed four-joint stand drilling rig for deep and ultra-deep wells,automated drilling rig with series of pipe strings,over-long single and double stand automated drilling rig,large-displacement and stable-pressure drill pump,large-tonnage vertical moving drilling rig,and track-type polar drilling rig for cluster wells.The results show that there is still a larger gap between domestic drilling equipment and those of developed countries in terms of supporting research of drilling tools,application research of automated products,in-depth development of intelligent equipment and research of key components.And based on this,suggestions are proposed,including the gradual standardization of oil-field drilling equipment,and developing relevant technologies for deep and extra-deep wells drilling,the drilling in special formations and landforms,the quick,green,environmental-protection and energy-saving drilling,and the efficient automatization and intelligentization.