莫高窟第257窟提婆达多图像试论——敦煌“弊狗因缘”献疑

On the Images of Devadatta in Mogao Cave 257——Doubts about the“Karma Story of an Evil Dog”in Dunhuang Murals

文章对敦煌莫高窟第257窟主室南壁西端壁画的主题进行了探讨,认为其不是1986年定名的"弊狗因缘"。通过分析此图与相邻壁画"鹿王本生"图的联系,论证其与"提婆达多破僧事"情节中的"如佛而卧""自投于地""热血从面孔出""之喻"等内容相关,与《鼻奈耶》《十诵律》《四分律》等律典匹配度较高,尤其是《四分律》所记,与几项画面要素皆可对应。

This paper presents a new discussion on a theme found in the murals at the western end of the south wall in Mogao cave 257,and comes to the conclusion that this theme is not,as was previously concluded in 1986,a depiction of the"Karma Story of an Evil Dog."By analyzing the connection between this image and the adjacent theme,"the Deer King Jataka,"this research demonstrates that the expressive purpose of this mural is related to the story of Devadatta disrupting the Sangha.In particular,this mural emphasizes the following plot points related to Devadatta:"lying like the sleeping Buddha,""falling to the ground from the bed,""blood spurting from his face,"and"the metaphor of the hinny."These images are highly consistent with scenes from classic texts such as the Vinaya,Sarvastivada-vinaya,and Dharmagupta-vinava,the final text having particularly strong correspondence with several elements of the paintings in cave 257.