节庆仪式与乡村公共性维系——基于西北民族走廊“拉扎文化区域”的田野调查

Festival Ceremony and the Maintenance of Rural Publicity——Based on the Survey of the Laza Cultural Area in the Northwest Ethnic Corridor

甘肃省中部的定西、甘南、临夏三州(市)多民族交界地带100多个行政村落的20多万群众中,盛行一个独特的节日——拉扎节,形成了以拉扎系列活动为特征的“拉扎文化区域”。文章以神圣与世俗之间异质转化中的仪式时空作为切入视角,以拉扎仪式“跳拉扎”为田野调查对象,描述植根于乡村自身的民俗仪式活动的变迁,探讨节庆及其仪式对其文化区域内凝聚番汉多民族群体、获得权威认同的维系功能。

Laza Festival prevails in the multi-ethnic border zone of three areas——Dingxi City,Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in the central region of Gansu Province,including over 200 thousand people in more than 100 administrative villages,the author named the zone"Laza cultural area".This paper,from the perspective of the ritual space and time in the heterogeneous transformation between the sacred and the secular,takes the Laza cultural circle as the object of field investigation,describes the changes of folk ritual activities rooted in the village itself,and discusses the maintaining function of festivals and rituals for the gathering of ethnic groups specially in the area of Fan and Han multi-ethnic groups.