文化批判的“鬼土”修辞

The Underworld Rhetoric of Cultural Criticism

中国古代有不少以地府巡游为题材的志怪小说,形成了入冥的母题,并影响了现代作家。鲁迅和张天翼都曾通过写地狱,寄寓深切的文化批判。对鲁迅而言,"地狱"是陈死人累积并吞噬生人的历史负累,也是横死者不屈地向阳间发出抗争的前哨;在《失掉的好地狱》等文中,他以"地狱"为修辞的文化批判在两端展开,既包含了传统地狱理解的恐怖,也带有一个现代存在者对地狱的新的赋意。张天翼的《鬼土日记》则借地府的旅行深揭时代的腐朽和国民性的堕落,其依托传统的入冥叙事,又表现出特别的现代气息。

In ancient China,there were many novels about travel to the underworld,which influenced modern writers.Both Lu Xun and Zhang Tianyi expressed deep cultural criticism by writing about hell.For Lu Xun,"hell"is the historical burden of the dead accumulating and swallowing the living,and it is also the outpost for the dead to fight against the world.In the lost good hell and other articles,his cultural criticism with"hell"as rhetoric is unfolded at both ends,which not only contains the horror of traditional understanding of hell,but also has a modern existential’s new idea of hell.Zhang Tianyi’s The underworld diary reveals the decadence of the times and the degeneration of the national character through the travel to the underworld.Relying on the traditional narration into the underworld,Zhang Tianyi also shows a special modern flavor.