参与合资企业能促进本土企业创新吗?

Can Joint Ventures Promote Innovation of Local Enterprise?

合资企业是我国引进外资的重要形式,本文基于中国工业企业数据库、专利数据库与外商投资企业设立数据库匹配出一个全新的数据集,并采用倾向得分匹配的双重差分法估计了参与合资企业对本土企业创新的影响。结果表明,参与合资企业显著促进了本土企业创新。异质性分析发现,外方投资者来源于高收入地区时,参与合资对本土企业的创新促进作用较小;与非国有企业相比,参与合资企业对国有企业的创新促进作用更大;知识产权保护程度高的地区,参与合资企业对本土企业创新的促进作用更大;本土企业在合资企业中不具有绝对控股权时,参与合资企业对其创新的促进作用更大。此外,参与合资企业对本土企业创新促进作用的重要传导机制是出口效应与劳动力要素升级效应。该研究结论对我国高质量引进外资、促进企业创新具有一定的政策指导意义。

The Joint venture is an important form of international specialization based on factor cooperation.The paper matches a new data set based on Annual Survey of Manufacturing Enterprises database,SIPO and the establishment data of FDI,and systematically evaluates the impact of participating joint ventures on the innovation of local enterprises by the PSM-DID method.The results show that the entry of joint venture foreign direct investment significantly improves the innovation of local parent companies.From the perspective of the source countries of foreign investment,the innovation promotion effect of joint ventures from high-income countries is small.Compared with non-state-owned enterprises,participation in joint ventures plays a greater role in promoting innovation of state-owned enterprises.Where the degree of intellectual property protection is high,the participation in the joint venture will play a greater role in promoting the innovation of local enterprises.When local enterprises do not have absolute controlling stake in the joint venture,participation in the joint venture plays a greater role in promoting their innovation.In addition,this paper proves that the export effect and advanced labor force effect are the important transmission mechanisms of joint ventures'innovation promotion to local investors.The research has important policy guiding significance for our country to introduce foreign capital with high quality and promote enterprise innovation.