略论强家村西周虢氏铜器铭中的若干亲属称谓

A Brief Discussion on Some Kinship Terms in the Bronze Inscriptions of Guo Family of the Western Zhou Dynasty Unearthed in Qiangjia Village

师■鼎及恒簋盖铭中的"公上父"和"公叔"是研究强家村西周虢氏家族铜器群世系的重要信息。西周时期的"公"本是族众对家族主君、下级臣属对上级的通称,而"公上父""公叔"之公则是用来表明与主君关系的一种身份,和爵位无关。"父"是指长一辈的男性亲族,"叔"为兄弟间的排行。正确解读"公上父"与"公叔"的亲属称谓,是合理排列虢氏家族世系的关键。

The“Gongshangfu”and“Gongshu”in the inscriptions of“Shizading”and“Huanguigai”on the bronze wares unearthed in Qiangjia village are important information for studying the lineage of the Guo family of the Western Zhou Dynasty.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,“Gong”was originally a general term of the clan to the leader of the family and of subordinate officials to the superior,while the term of“Gong”in“Gongshangfu”and“Gongshu”was used to indicate the relationship with the Lord,which had nothing to do with the title of nobility.