存在之思:从语言意义解释出发还是从此在分析出发

Thinking about Being:From the Interpretation of Linguistic Meaning or from Analyzing the Structure of Dasein

对于法国当代著名现象解释学家保罗·利科来说,对存在意义的追问,到底从语言意义解释出发,还是从此在分析出发,并不是非此即彼的问题与选择。充分重视可能采取的各种观点的辩证法,是他思想的基本风格。面对海德格尔“直接存在论”无法为抵达存在提供方法论的局限,他坚决主张从语言意义的解释出发“回问”存在的解释学思路。但是,海德格尔从此在分析出发追问存在意义所具有的视域革命性,无疑使他充分认识到,解释学哲学并不必须从“语言性”出发,而相反必须首先阐明什么东西来到语言。因此,海德格尔的存在论,既成为他高度关注先于语言并来到语言的东西的视域,也成为他从语言意义解释出发迂回接近存在的终极目标。

For Paul Ricoeur,a well-known contemporary French philosopher,whether the questioning of the meaning of existence starts from the interpretation of linguistic meaning or from the analysis of Dasein,it is not a matter of either this or that.It is his basic thinking style to pay full attention to the dialectics of various viewpoints that may be adopted.Facing the limitations of Heidegger's“direct ontology”which cannot provide a methodology for reaching to existence,he insisted on“interrogating”the idea of existence from the interpretation of linguistic meaning.However,the revolutionary horizon that Heidegger opened in analyzing the structure of Dasein,undoubtedly made him fully realize that hermeneutic philosophy does not have to start from“linguisticity”,but must first clarify what comes to language.Therefore,Heidegger's ontology has not only become his horizon of paying close attention to things that precedes language and comes to language,but also the ultimate goal of his circuitous approach to existence from the interpretation of language meaning.