小冰期福建省寒冷期的气候与生态变化

Climate and Ecology Changes in Fujian Province During the Cold Period of Little Ice Age

小冰期的寒冷期,地处中亚热带和南亚热带的福建省,其气候变化的主要特征是频频遭受冷空气的侵袭,寒冬次数增加。降雪、河流冻结和水面结冰的南限,向南迁移了2个纬距,气温降低约3.16℃。中亚热带与南亚热带的过渡区,由霞浦至福州之间,南移到福州至莆田之间。3个寒冷期寒冷程度也有差异,其中第二个寒冷期最冷,较第一、三个寒冷期,气候要素的南限,在极端年份又向南移动了1个纬距。生态变化的主要特征是中亚热带和南亚热带生态区,有向北亚热带和中亚热带生态区演变的趋势。标志性事件有二,一是中亚热带出现了动物被冻死的状况;二是荔枝生态敏感区南移到福州至莆田之间。值得注意的是,在第一、二个寒冷期,福建局部地区的“陨霜杀禾”和“瑞雪丰年”,兼而有之。第三个寒冷期则因霜冻史料缺失,无法讨论。总体而言,受黑潮暖流和武夷山脉的双重影响,福建比同纬度中国其他地区气温要稍高一些,但也是小冰期全球气候变化的一部分。

During the cold period of Little Ice Age,the main feature of climate change of Fujian province,between subtropical and south subtropical,is being affected by cold air more frequently and the increase in the number of cold winters.The southern boundary of the area where snowfall,freezing rivers and freezing water happens moved south by two latitudes.The average temperature of southern boundary decreased by around 3.16℃.The transition zone between the mid-subtropical zone and the south subtropical zone moves south from between Xiapu and Fuzhou to between Fuzhou to Putian.The degree of coldness of three cold periods is different.The second Cold Period is the coldest.Compared with the first and third cold period,the southern limit of climatic factors has moved southward by another latitude in extreme years.The main characteristic of ecological changes is the mid-subtropical and south subtropical ecoregions shows a tendency to evolve toward the north and mid-subtropical ecoregions.There are two iconic events.One is that animals have been frozen to death in the mid-subtropics;the other is that the litchi ecologically sensitive area has moved south between Fuzhou and Putian.It is worth noting that,in the first and second cold periods,both“frost kills seedlings”and“heavy snow heralds a harvest”happened in some areas of Fujian.The third Cold Period is unable to discuss due to the lack of historical data on frost.Overall,due to the dual effects of the Kuroshio Warm Current and the Wuyi Mountains,Fujian is slightly warmer than other regions in China at the same latitude,but it is also part of the global climate change during the Little Ice Age.