山区县域土地利用变化及其生态系统服务价值响应——以嵩县为例

Land Use Change and Ecosystem Service Value Response in Mountainous Counties:Taking Song County as an Example

随着人口持续增长及土地利用行为的不断变化,生态环境遭受不断干扰和破坏,生态系统承载力逐渐减弱。山区是生态系统最为脆弱的地理类型之一,对其因土地利用变化所引起的生态系统价值响应研究显得尤为迫切。基于遥感卫星影像解译获得山区县域土地利用分类数据,利用生态系统因子权重赋值和空间自相关分析等方法,深入探讨豫西嵩县1990—2019年间生态系统服务价值的时空演化及其空间自相关特征。研究结论表明:嵩县草地面积变化幅度最高,耕地面积增幅最高,未利用地变化率最高,建设用地和水域增幅明显;生态系统服务价值整体呈现出先快速增加后缓慢减少的趋势,其中,林地、水域、县域生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)变化过程整体相似,均在1990—2000年间出现小幅增长趋势,随后持续缓慢下降,水文调节、气候调节、土壤保持、气体调节、净化环境和维持生物多样性等功能占生态系统服务价值总价值超过87%,对嵩县土地生态系统产生决定性作用。ESV整体呈现出以下特征:陆浑水库及伊河流域为高生态系统服务价值片区,南部片区的ESV稍高于北部片区,区域差异显著,在县域内,ESV在空间分布上具有很强的自相关性,且在2010年以后出现持续增强的趋势。随着城镇建设用地扩张、农田耕地持续开垦,ESV损失片区开始在各乡镇蔓延,其主要原因是嵩县城乡规划政策、产业定位等。

With the continuous growth of population and the change of land use behavior,the ecological environment is constantly disturbed and destroyed,and the bearing capacity of the ecosystem is gradually weakened.As mountain area is one of the most vulnerable geographical types of ecosystem,it is very urgent to study the ecosystem value response caused by land use change.Based on the remote sensing satellite image interpretation,the land use classification data of mountainous counties was obtained.By methods of ecosystem factor weight assignment and spatial autocorrelation analysis,the spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem service value and its spatial autocorrelation characteristics in Song County of western Henan Province from 1990 to 2019 were discussed.The following results are got from the research.For area of Song County,its grassland changes the most,as its highest increase of cultivated land area and highest change rate of unused land,and the obvious increase of construction land and water area.The value of ecosystem services as a whole shows a trend of rapid increase and slow decrease.Among them,the change process of forestland,water area and County ecosystem service value(ESV)are similar as a whole,showing a small growth trend from 1990 to 2000,and then continuing to decline slowly.The functions of hydrological regulation,climate regulation,soil conservation,gas regulation,environmental purification and biodiversity maintenance account for more than 87%of the total value of ESV,which play a decisive role in the land ecosystem of Song County.ESV shows the following characteristics.Both the Luhun reservoir and Yihe River Basin are high ecosystem service value areas,and the ESV value of the southern area is slightly higher than that of the northern area,and the regional differences are significant.In the county,ESV has a strong autocorrelation in spatial distribution,and the trend of continuous enhancement appears after 2010.With the expansion of urban construction land and the continuous reclamation of farmland,ESV loss areas begin to spread in towns,mainly due to the urban and rural planning policies and industrial positioning of Song County.