面向精细拆解的废铅酸蓄电池切割分选工艺

Cutting and separation process for fine disassembly of used lead-acid batteries

针对废铅酸电池拆解过程中存在有色金属(锑、锡、硒等)回收利用率低和拆解收益低等问题,提出一种精细拆解方法——切割分选工艺。综合考虑资源利用率、环境影响和成本,采用成本—收益分析方法建立拆解收益模型,分析确定精细化拆解方法;根据废铅酸电池的基本结构和拆解特点,设计了切割分选工艺和自动化拆解设备以实现精细拆解目标。最后,将切割分选工艺与现有破碎分选工艺分别应用于两个铅酸电池回收利用企业,进行拆解收益对比。结果表明,切割分选工艺显著提高了废铅酸电池的资源利用率和拆解收益,节约了自然资源及能源,降低了拆卸成本和环境污染。

To solve the low utilization of non-ferrous metals(antimony,tin,selenium,etc.)and low benefit in the disassembly process of waste lead-acid batteries,a fine disassembly method-cutting separation process was proposed.Considering resource utilization,environmental impact and cost,the cost-benefit analysis method was used to establish the disassembly revenue model and determine the fine disassembly method.According to the basic structure and disassembly characteristics of waste lead-acid batteries,the cutting separation process and automatic disassembly equipment were designed to achieve the goal of fine disassembly.The cutting separation process and the existing crushing separation process were applied to two lead-acid battery recycling enterprises respectively,and the disassembly revenue was compared.The results showed that the cutting separation process significantly improved the resource utilization and disassembly benefits of waste lead-acid batteries,saved natural resources and energy,and reduced disassembly costs and environmental pollution.