跨国公司研发本地化逆向创新的动因与启示

The motivation and enlightenment of reverse innovation inlocalizationR&D of multinational companies

随着中国经济实力的快速崛起,全球创新环境和格局发生了重大变化,如何充分发挥和利用既有市场资源优势、比较制度优势和后发优势助力中国企业研发从“引进来-走出去-走上去”战略转型。本研究以发达经济体跨国公司三家本地化企业为研究对象,深入剖析了中国市场如何引发跨国公司A,B和C企业研发活动的逆向创新模式和影响因素。研究表明:(1)跨国公司研发活动初期依托母国技术能力优势创造性地通过挖掘本地化主流市场需求,快速获得市场开拓效应并获得竞争优势;(2)跨国公司研发活动从开发性到探索性的传统演进路径,主要动因是国家政策、本地竞争和市场竞争;(3)跨国公司研发本地化技术创新呈现“顺轨创新-换轨创新-突破性创新”演变规律。因此,借鉴跨国企业国际化成功经验,从人才国际化战略、国际化战略选择、市场环境与竞争战略选择和技术开发战略与国际技术环境四个维度帮助中国企业制定和实施有效的逆向创新。

With the rapid rise of China’s economic strength, significant changes have taken place in the global innovation environment and pattern, how to give full play to and utilize the advantages of existing market resources, comparative system and late-mover advantages to help Chinese enterprises transform their R&D strategy from "bring in-go out-go up" . This study takes three localization enterprises of transnational corporations in developed economies as the research objects, and deeply analyzes how the Chinese market triggers the reverse innovation mode and influencing factors of R&D activities of transnational corporations A, B and C. The research shows that:(1) Multinational companies’ R&D activities initially rely on the technological capabilities of the home country to creatively explore the needs of localized mainstream markets, quickly gain market development effects and gain competitive advantage;(2) The traditional evolution path of multinational R&D activities from development to exploration is mainly driven by National policies, local competition and market competition;(3)Multinational R & D localization of technological innovation presents ’’ along-track innovation ’-’ change track innovation ’-’ Disruptive innovation ’’ evolution. Therefore, by referring to the successful internationalization experience of transnational enterprises, we can help Chinese enterprises formulate and implement effective reverse innovation from four dimensions, namely, talent internationalization strategy, internationalization strategy selection, market environment and competitive strategy selection, and technology development strategy and international technology environment.