论教育行政机关的法律地位

On Legal Status of Educational Administrative Agencies

教育行政机关是最重要的教育行政法律关系主体,其法律地位学界研究较少。教育行政机关是在教育领域行使权力的国家行政机关,既包括各级政府,也包括教育行政部门和其他主管部门。通过梳理12部法律、19部行政法规、48部行政规章发现,教育行政机关具有以下职权:教育行政立法权或规定权、教育行政许可权、教育行政处罚权、教育行政处分权、教育行政给付权、教育行政指导监督权和其他权力。教育行政机关与民办学校存在许可、处罚和监督等外部关系,与公办学校以处分、预算、人事等内部关系为主。教育行政机关与教师、学生直接发生法律关系情形较少。

Educational administrative agencies are the most important subjects of educational administrative legal relations whose legal status has been studied little.They include executive branches,departments of education and others.Based on 12 laws,19 administrative rules and 48 regulations,educational administrative agencies have powers of rule-making,permission,penalty,sanction,supply,guidance,supervision,etc.The relationship between educational administrative agencies and non-government schools is external,such as permission,penalty and supervision.However,the relationship between educational administrative agencies and government schools is mainly internal,such as sanction,budget and personnel.Besides,there is not much relation between educational administrative agencies and teachers,students.