宁波市医疗机构污水消毒处理的卫生学调查

Hygienic investigation of sewage disinfection treatment in medical institutions in Ningbo

目的了解宁波市全市医疗机构污水处理现状,建立污水处理现状的本底资料,为制定医疗机构污水管理办法提供依据。方法采用问卷调查和现场快速检测的方法,对宁波市部分医疗机构污水处理情况进行调查和分析。结果本次调查三级、二级、一级、民办医院、社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院共102家,106个污水排放口。所有污水排放口均配置了污水处理装置,均配备了兼职或专职人员进行污水处理;所有医疗机构的污水都经过一级、二级和简易生化处理,多数排入城市管网;19.81%(21/106)用含氯制剂消毒,39.62%(42/106)用二氧化氯消毒,23.58%(25/106)用消毒粉法,9.43%(10/106)用紫外线法,7.55%(8/106)用臭氧处理污水;污水粪大肠菌群合格率为82.52%,总余氯合格率为65.00%,肠道致病菌(沙门菌和志贺菌)均合格;污水消毒处理大多数由后勤总务科或保卫科负责。结论宁波市医疗机构污水消毒设施较为齐全,消毒处理较为规范,但仍需加强督导和管理,进一步做好医疗机构污水的消毒处理工作。

Objective To understand the current status of sewage treatment in medical institutions in Ningbo,establish the background data on the status of sewage treatment,and provide a basis for formulating the management measures of sewage in medical institutions.Methods Questionnaire survey and on-site rapid detection were used to investigate and analyse the sewage treatment situation of some medical institutions in Ningbo.Results In this investigation,there were 102 medical institutions,including third-level,second-level,first-level,private hospitals,and community health service centers and township health centers,with 106 sewage discharge outlets.All sewage discharge outlets were equipped with sewage treatment devices and part-time or full-time personnel for sewage treatment;sewage from all medical institutions were treated by primary,secondary and simple biochemical treatment,and most of them were discharged into the urban pipeline network.19.81%(21/106)were disinfected with chlorine-containing preparation,39.62%(42/106)were disinfected with chlorine dioxide,23.58%(25/106)were disinfected with disinfectant powder,9.43%(10/106)were disinfected with ultraviolet radiation and 7.55%(8/106)were disinfected by ozone treatment.The qualified rate of sewage fecal coliform was82.52%,and the qualified rate of total residual chloride was 65.00%.Intestinal pathogens(Salmonella and Shigella)were qualified.Most of the sewage disinfection treatment was carried out by the General Logistics Department or Security Section.Conclusion The sewage disinfection facilities of medical institutions in Ningbo were relatively complete,and the disinfection treatment was relatively standardized.But it is still necessary to strengthen the supervision and management,and further do a good job for the disinfection treatment of sewage in medical institutions.