不同钝化剂对镉污染土壤栽培的川麦冬生长及生理特性的影响

Effects of different passivators on growth and physiological characteristics of Ophiopogon japonicus in cadmium-contaminated soil

目的综合评价不同钝化材料对镉(Cd)污染土壤栽培的涪城麦冬生长以及Cd吸收累积的影响。方法以一年生川麦冬为供试材料,采用土壤盆栽实验方法研究了汉白玉(Ar)、秸秆生物炭(Br)、粉煤灰(Fh)、菌渣(Me)、硅藻土(Dm)5种不同钝化材料对川麦冬生长、生理生化指标以及Cd吸收累积的影响。结果 2种不同Cd污染程度土壤,不同钝化材料处理下均能显著提高麦冬生物量,以及麦冬叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白量;其中Ar和Me处理提升幅度最大。麦冬抗氧化酶系统活性均显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化。不同钝化材料处理均极显著提高麦冬地下部黄酮含量,其中Ar和Fh处理提升幅度最大。2种Cd污染浓度土壤,不同钝化材料处理均能降低麦冬各部重金属Cd含量;麦冬地上和地下部分Cd含量较对照均极显著降低;Ar、Br和Fh处理效果更佳。结论综合对比施加不同钝化材料处理,从提升麦冬生物量方面,Me处理效果更佳,略优于Ar、Br。从降低麦冬Cd吸收积累以及提升麦冬有效成分黄酮的作用方面,Ar和Fh效果更佳。

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the different passivation materials on growth and cadmium uptake and accumulation of Ophiopogon japonicus cultivated in cadmium contaminated soil of. Methods Using one-year-old O. japonicus as experimental material, the effects of five different passivation materials(white marble Ar, straw biochar Br, fly ash Fh, bacterial residue Me, diatomite Dm) on the growth, physiological and biochemical indexes and cadmium absorption and accumulation of O. japonicus were studied by soil pot experiment. Results The biomass, chlorophyll, soluble sugar and soluble protein of O. japonicus could be significantly increased in soils contaminated with two kinds of Cd under different passivation materials. Among them, Ar and Me were the most improved. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzyme system of O. japonicus were significantly decreased, and the content of MDA had no noteworthy change. Different passivation materials remarkably increased the content of flavonoids in the underground part of O. japonicus, among which Ar and Fh treatments increased the most. The contents of heavy metal Cd in all parts of O. japonicus were decreased by different passivation materials, and the contents of Cd in aboveground and underground parts of O. japonicus were significantly lower than those of the control, and the effects of Ar, Br and Fh treatments were better than those of the control. Conclusion Studies have shown that by combining and comparing treatments of different passivating materials, in terms of the biomass of O. japonicus treated with Me, the biomass improvement effect of Me was better than that of Ar and Br. Aiming at the effect of reducing Cd absorption and accumulation of O. japonicus and improving the effective component flavone of O. japonicus, it can be concluded that Ar and Fh have better effects in treating Cd polluted soil and improving the quality of O. japonicus.