日语目的复句「ために」与「よう(に)」的差异考察

New Research into the Difference between Objective Compound Sentences Tameni and You(ni)

本文从目的复句「ために」与「よう(に)」的语法结构差异入手,考察了两者在复句分类系统中的分布差异:较「ために」句而言「,よう(に)」句复句性更高,更具复句的语法结构与语义特征。分布差异具体体现为与主格成分、与从句动词、与名词等多种共现限制差异。共现限制差异是系统、多样的,而非独立、偶发的,这客观上证明了"分布差异"理论的合理性;同时也说明,认识具体语法形式在复句分类系统中的分布差异,对系统认识、理解该语法现象有着重要意义。

This article starts with the difference of the grammatical structure for the objective compound sentences tameni and you(ni),and investigates the distribution difference between them using a complex sentence classification system:you(ni)is closer to the complex sentences side,and has more semantic features and grammar structure features of complex sentences than tameni.The distribution difference is reflected in the differences of coexistence with the nominative component,the verb in clause,and the noun.The coexistence differences are systematic and diverse,rather than independent,or sporadic.It objectively proves the rationality of the"distribution difference"theory.It also shows that the cognition to the distribution differences of grammatical forms is important to understand the grammatical phenomenon.