木芙蓉的繁育系统及传粉生物学

Breeding System and Pollination Biology of Hibiscus mutabilis

以木芙蓉为研究材料,运用杂交指数、花粉数/胚珠数、座果率、种子萌发率等指标对木芙蓉的繁育系统及传粉生物学等进行研究。结果表明:木芙蓉单花的花期1 d,整体花期7—11月份;木芙蓉的杂交指数为4,繁育系统为异交、部分自交亲和、需要传粉者;木芙蓉的花粉数/胚珠数为415±11.3,繁育系统属于兼性异交类型;木芙蓉自然座果率为74%;同株同花授粉的座果率为40%;人工异株异花授粉座果率为71%;各种授粉方式下,单个果实的种子个数为128~148,差别不大;各种授粉方式下,平均种子萌发率为47%~60%,没有显著差异;传粉昆虫有蜂类、甲虫,其中中华蜜蜂、黑小蜜蜂为主要传粉昆虫。

The experiment was conducted to explore the breeding system of Hibiscus mutabilis, and the breeding system and pollination biology of H. utabilis were studied primarily including the use of out crossing index, pollen-ovule ratios, fruit-set rate and seeds germination rate. The flowering phase of the single flower was about one day. The flowering phase of H. mutabilis is from June to November. The out crossing index of H. mutabilis was four, it suggested that the breeding system belongs to the facultative hybridization, part self-compatibility and insect pollinator dependent. The out crossing index of H. mutabilis was four, indicating the breeding system belongs to the facultative hybridization, part self-compatibility and insect pollinator dependent. The pollen-ovule ratio of H. mutabilis was 415±11.3, indicating the breeding system belongs to the facultative hybridization. The fruiting rate of natural pollination was 74%. The fruiting rate of hand pollination with the same flower in one plant was 40%. The fruiting rate of hand pollination with another flower in other plant was 71%. The average number of seeds in a single fruit was between 128 and 148 under different treatments with no significant difference. The average of seed germination was between 47% and 60% under different treatments with no significant different. The major pollinators included bees and beetles, among which Chinese bee and black bee are the main pollinators.