“健康中国2030”背景下日本国民健康促进政策及启示——基于第二次“健康日本21”实施效果的考察

Research and Enlightenment of Japanese National Health Promotion Policy in Context of Healthy China 2030——Study on Effects of Second Implementation of Healthy Japan 21

“健康日本21”是一项以延长国民寿命和提高国民生活质量为目的的全国性国民健康运动,共经历了4个阶段。对其中第4阶段的“第二次健康日本21”中期评价结果中延长健康寿命和缩小健康差距指标、预防生活习惯病和重症化指标、维持和提高社会生活技能指标、改善健康资源指标以及改善社会环境指标等5个基本方向的53个具体指标取得的实际成果,以及日本政府对评价结果中的不足制定的发展对策进行分析。其对健康中国2030的启示如下:国家层面建立统一的“体育医疗一体化”的联动管理机制;制定适合我国国民的体育运动指南,提高国民运动自我督导能力;加强“运动指导员”的培养,为国民健身活动提供正确引导;指导国民掌握自我体适能评价方法,做到科学健身。

The Healthy Japan project is a national health campaign aimed at prolonging national life expectancy and improving the quality of national life,which is composed of four stages.For the actual results of the 53 indicators in five basic directions,i.e.,the indicators for prolonging healthy life and narrowing the health gap,the indicators for the prevention of habitual diseases and severe diseases,the indicators for the maintenance and improvement of social life skills,the indicators for improving health resources and the indicators for improving the social environment.The paper also analyses the development direction designed by the Japanese government to overcome the shortcomings in the evaluation.Its enlightenment to the healthy China 2030 include establishing the linkage management mechanism of the unified sports medical treatment integration,developing a sports guide for the people,improving the self-supervision ability of the people,strengthening the training of sports instructors,providing correct guidance for national fitness activities,guiding citizens to master the assessment methods of self fitness and do scientific sports practice.