板栗花芽分化中内源激素的变化规律

Changes of Endogenous Hormones in Castanea mollissima Flower Bud Differentiation

以“易门一号”、“易门二号”和“云良”为试验材料,研究内源激素(IAA,GA3,ABA和ZT)在板栗花芽分化中含量的变化,旨在了解板栗花芽分化的生理特性,为板栗增雌抑雄提供理论依据。结果表明,在板栗花芽分化过程中,高水平的IAA可促进冬前(7月10日—8月25日)和冬后(4月10日—4月17日)的花芽分化,低水平IAA有利于雌花的分化(4月17日—5月8日)。在花序原基分化前(7月10日前),完全混合花芽对GA3需求不大,不完全混合花芽中的GA3含量处于较高水平。高水平的ABA能促进花芽休眠(12月25日)以及两性花序的分化(3月20日—4月17日)。完全混合花芽在冬前分化盛期至分化末期(7月10日—11月25日)、休眠期至冬后分化初期(12月25日—3月12日)和花器官分化期(4月10日—4月25日),ZT含量呈上升趋势,说明ZT对细胞分裂、快速生长及分化启动均有重要作用。进入花序原基分化前(7月10日前),可在外部施用GA类植物激素抑制剂,减少GA3的合成,抑制不完全混合花芽雄花序的生成;在花芽分化初期(7月10日左右)施用ZT,可增加冬前板栗混合花芽分化数量。

Taking three cultivars“Yimen No.1”,“Yimen No.2”and“Yunliang”as materials,content changes of endogenous hormones(IAA,GA3,ABA and ZT)in differentiation period of Castanea mollissima flower buds were studied to know physiological property of C.mollissima flower bud differentiation,which could provide theory evidence for increasing female flower and controling male flower.Results showed that high level of IAA promoted flower bud differentiation before and after winter(July 10 to August 25 and April 10 to 17),and low level of IAA was beneficial to female flower differentiation(April 17 to May 8).Content of GA3 before inflorescence primordium differentiation(before July 10)was low in complete mixed buds while was high in incomplete mixed buds.High level of ABA promoted dormancy(December 25)and differentiation of hermaphrodite inflorescence(March 20 to April 17).Content of ZT was high from the peak stage of pre-winter differentiation to the end of differentiation(July 10 to November 25),from dormancy to initiation of differentiation after winter(December 25 to March 12)and the differentiation stage of flower(April 10 to 25)in complete mixed buds,which showed that ZT played an important role in cell division,rapid growth and initiation of differentiation.Before the differentiation(before July 10),inhibitors for GA could be applied to reduce synthesis of GA3 and control generation of male inflorescences.In initiation of differentiation in buds differentiation(about July 10),ZT could be applied to promote number of bud differentiation before winter.