香樟化学型及精油积累研究

Review on Chemotypes and Essential oil Accumulation of Cinnamomum camphora

香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)属于国家二级保护植物,是我国优良的材用、油用、园林绿化和水土保持等多用途树种。香樟叶片精油富含多种珍贵化学成分,根据叶精油所含化学成分将香樟划分为不同的化学型,多种化学型香樟资源均极具市场价值和开发潜力,香樟叶精油中的芳樟醇、柠檬醛、黄樟素和金合欢醇等化学成分在香精香料、食品加工和医药化工等多领域应用广泛。本文从香樟的油用角度出发,对香樟化学型的命名、划分、分化机制以及香樟精油的积累规律、影响因素和主要特点等方面进行综述,以期为油用香樟的深入研究及开发利用提供参考。

As a national secondary protected plant,Cinnamomum camphora was an excellent tree species for timber,oil,landscape,water and soil conservation in China.Leaf essential oil of C.camphora was rich in variety of valuable chemical compounds.According to the chemical compounds of leaf essential oil,C.camphora was divided into different chemotypes.Many chemotypes of C.camphora resources had great market value and development potential.Linalool,citral,safrole and farnesol in leaf essential oil of C.camphora were widely applied in many fields,such as flavor,food processing,medicine,chemical industry and so on.In this thesis,the nomenclature,classification and differentiation mechanism of C.camphora chemotype,as well as the accumulation rule and influencing factors and the main characteristics of leaf essential oil of C.camphora were reviewed in order to provide references for further research,development and utilization of C.camphora essential oil.